uuid: 5c31d644-11d5-4849-9e86-1ed223910645
langcode: en
status: true
dependencies: {  }
_core:
  default_config_hash: QDkjTNcuHQSSZxWLYq0gDDnmCVbuXmpVvMobNde32ME
id: modern_language_association_8th_edition
parent: null
label: 'Modern Language Association 8th edition'
csl: |
  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" version="1.0" demote-non-dropping-particle="never" page-range-format="minimal-two">
    <info>
    <title>Modern Language Association 8th edition</title>
    <title-short>MLA</title-short>
    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/modern-language-association</id>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/modern-language-association" rel="self"/>
    <link href="http://style.mla.org" rel="documentation"/>
    <author>
    <name>Sebastian Karcher</name>
    </author>
    <category citation-format="author"/>
    <category field="generic-base"/>
    <summary>This style adheres to the MLA 8th edition handbook. Follows the structure of references as outlined in the MLA Manual closely</summary>
    <updated>2019-10-11T02:36:27+00:00</updated>
    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
    </info>
    <locale xml:lang="en">
    <date form="text">
    <date-part name="day" suffix=" "/>
    <date-part name="month" suffix=" " form="short"/>
    <date-part name="year"/>
    </date>
    <terms>
    <term name="month-01" form="short">Jan.</term>
    <term name="month-02" form="short">Feb.</term>
    <term name="month-03" form="short">Mar.</term>
    <term name="month-04" form="short">Apr.</term>
    <term name="month-05" form="short">May</term>
    <term name="month-06" form="short">June</term>
    <term name="month-07" form="short">July</term>
    <term name="month-08" form="short">Aug.</term>
    <term name="month-09" form="short">Sept.</term>
    <term name="month-10" form="short">Oct.</term>
    <term name="month-11" form="short">Nov.</term>
    <term name="month-12" form="short">Dec.</term>
    <term name="translator" form="short">trans.</term>
    </terms>
    </locale>
    <macro name="author">
    <names variable="author">
    <name name-as-sort-order="first" and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="always" delimiter-precedes-et-al="always" initialize="false" initialize-with=". "/>
    <label form="long" prefix=", "/>
    <substitute>
    <names variable="editor"/>
    <names variable="translator"/>
    <text macro="title"/>
    </substitute>
    </names>
    </macro>
    <macro name="author-short">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <names variable="author">
    <name form="short" initialize-with=". " and="text"/>
    <substitute>
    <names variable="editor"/>
    <names variable="translator"/>
    <text macro="title-short"/>
    </substitute>
    </names>
    <choose>
    <if disambiguate="true">
    <text macro="title-short"/>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </group>
    </macro>
    <macro name="title">
    <choose>
    <if variable="container-title" match="any">
    <text variable="title" quotes="true" text-case="title"/>
    </if>
    <else>
    <text variable="title" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="title-short">
    <choose>
    <if variable="container-title" match="any">
    <text variable="title" form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title"/>
    </if>
    <else>
    <text variable="title" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="container-title">
    <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
    </macro>
    <macro name="other-contributors">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <choose>
    <if variable="container-title" match="any">
    <names variable="container-author editor illustrator interviewer translator" delimiter=", ">
    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
    <name and="text"/>
    </names>
    </if>
    <else>
    <names variable="container-author editor illustrator interviewer translator" delimiter=", ">
    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <name and="text"/>
    </names>
    </else>
    </choose>
    <names variable="director">
    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <name and="text"/>
    </names>
    </group>
    </macro>
    <macro name="version">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <choose>
    <if is-numeric="edition">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
    <text term="edition" form="short"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else>
    <text variable="edition" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    </else>
    </choose>
    <text variable="version"/>
    </group>
    </macro>
    <macro name="volume-lowercase">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text term="volume" form="short"/>
    <text variable="volume"/>
    </group>
    </macro>
    <macro name="number">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <group>
    <choose>
    <!--lowercase if we have a preceding element-->
    <if variable="edition container-title" match="any">
    <text macro="volume-lowercase"/>
    </if>
    <!--other contributors preceding the volume-->
    <else-if variable="author" match="all">
    <choose>
    <if variable="editor translator container-author illustrator interviewer director" match="any">
    <text macro="volume-lowercase"/>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </else-if>
    <else-if variable="editor" match="all">
    <choose>
    <if variable="translator container-author illustrator interviewer director" match="any">
    <text macro="volume-lowercase"/>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </else-if>
    <else-if variable="container-author illustrator interviewer director" match="any">
    <text macro="volume-lowercase"/>
    </else-if>
    <else>
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <text variable="volume"/>
    </group>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </group>
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text term="issue" form="short"/>
    <text variable="issue"/>
    </group>
    <choose>
    <if type="report">
    <text variable="genre"/>
    </if>
    </choose>
    <text variable="number"/>
    </group>
    </macro>
    <macro name="publisher">
    <text variable="publisher"/>
    </macro>
    <macro name="publication-date">
    <choose>
    <if type="book chapter paper-conference motion_picture" match="any">
    <date variable="issued" form="numeric" date-parts="year"/>
    </if>
    <else-if type="article-journal article-magazine" match="any">
    <date variable="issued" form="text" date-parts="year-month"/>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="speech" match="none">
    <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
    </else-if>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="location">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <label variable="page" form="short"/>
    <text variable="page"/>
    </group>
    <choose>
    <if variable="source" match="none">
    <text macro="URI"/>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </group>
    </macro>
    <macro name="container2-title">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <choose>
    <if type="speech">
    <text variable="event"/>
    <date variable="event-date" form="text"/>
    <text variable="event-place"/>
    </if>
    </choose>
    <text variable="archive"/>
    <text variable="archive-place"/>
    <text variable="archive_location"/>
    </group>
    </macro>
    <macro name="container2-location">
    <choose>
    <if variable="source">
    <choose>
    <if variable="DOI URL" match="any">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text variable="source" font-style="italic"/>
    <text macro="URI"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="URI">
    <choose>
    <if variable="DOI">
    <text variable="DOI" prefix="doi:"/>
    </if>
    <else>
    <text variable="URL"/>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="accessed">
    <!--using accessed where we don't have an issued date; follows recommendation on p. 53 -->
    <choose>
    <if variable="issued" match="none">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <date variable="accessed" form="text"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <citation et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1" disambiguate-add-names="true" disambiguate-add-givenname="true">
    <layout prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter="; ">
    <choose>
    <if locator="page line" match="any">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text macro="author-short"/>
    <text variable="locator"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else>
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text macro="author-short"/>
    <group>
    <label variable="locator" form="short"/>
    <text variable="locator"/>
    </group>
    </group>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </layout>
    </citation>
    <bibliography hanging-indent="true" et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1" line-spacing="2" entry-spacing="0" subsequent-author-substitute="---">
    <sort>
    <key macro="author"/>
    <key variable="title"/>
    </sort>
    <layout suffix=".">
    <group delimiter=". ">
    <text macro="author"/>
    <text macro="title"/>
    <date variable="original-date" form="numeric" date-parts="year"/>
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <!---This group corresponds to MLA's "Container 1"-->
    <text macro="container-title"/>
    <text macro="other-contributors"/>
    <text macro="version"/>
    <text macro="number"/>
    <text macro="publisher"/>
    <text macro="publication-date"/>
    <text macro="location"/>
    </group>
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <!---This group corresponds to MLA's "Container 2"-->
    <!--currently just using this one for archival info-->
    <text macro="container2-title"/>
    <text macro="container2-location"/>
    </group>
    <text macro="accessed"/>
    </group>
    </layout>
    </bibliography>
    </style>
updated: 1570761387
custom: true
url_id: 'http://www.zotero.org/styles/modern-language-association'