uuid: e56f9f6b-c3a7-4295-9f3e-8d80d12c4bdb
langcode: en
status: true
dependencies: {  }
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  default_config_hash: 5itCumXb5qKQiZx5WTe0z8QzMFFiFAIc9_d8AJCiq0M
id: apa
parent: null
label: 'American Psychological Association 6th edition'
csl: |
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    <title>American Psychological Association 6th edition</title>
    <title-short>APA (6th ed.)</title-short>
    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/apa-6th-edition</id>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/apa-6th-edition" rel="self"/>
    <link href="http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/" rel="documentation"/>
    <author>
    <name>Simon Kornblith</name>
    <email>simon@simonster.com</email>
    </author>
    <author>
    <name> Brenton M. Wiernik</name>
    <email>zotero@wiernik.org</email>
    </author>
    <contributor>
    <name>Bruce D'Arcus</name>
    </contributor>
    <contributor>
    <name>Curtis M. Humphrey</name>
    </contributor>
    <contributor>
    <name>Richard Karnesky</name>
    <email>karnesky+zotero@gmail.com</email>
    <uri>http://arc.nucapt.northwestern.edu/Richard_Karnesky</uri>
    </contributor>
    <contributor>
    <name>Sebastian Karcher</name>
    </contributor>
    <category citation-format="author-date"/>
    <category field="psychology"/>
    <category field="generic-base"/>
    <updated>2020-08-07T02:45:06+00:00</updated>
    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
    </info>
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    <term name="bc"> B.C.E.</term>
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    <choose>
    <if type="patent" variable="number" match="all">
    <text macro="patent-number"/>
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    <else-if type="treaty">
    <text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title"/>
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    <substitute>
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    <!-- This should be localized -->
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    <else>
    <text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
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    <text macro="format-short" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
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    <text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
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    </else>
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    <macro name="patent-number">
  <!-- authority: U.S. ; genre: patent ; number: 123,445 -->
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text variable="authority"/>
    <choose>
    <if variable="genre">
    <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
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    <else>
    <!-- This should be localized -->
    <text value="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
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    <group delimiter=" ">
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    <text variable="number"/>
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    <macro name="access">
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    <if type="bill legal_case legislation" match="any"/>
    <else-if variable="DOI" match="any">
    <text variable="DOI" prefix="https://doi.org/"/>
    </else-if>
    <else-if variable="URL">
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    <text term="retrieved" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <choose>
    <if type="post post-weblog webpage" match="any">
    <date variable="accessed" form="text" suffix=","/>
    </if>
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    <text term="from"/>
    <choose>
    <if type="report">
    <choose>
    <if variable="author editor translator" match="any">
    <!-- This should be localized -->
    <text variable="publisher" suffix=" website:"/>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </if>
    <else-if type="post post-weblog webpage" match="any">
    <!-- This should be localized -->
    <text variable="container-title" suffix=" website:"/>
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    </choose>
    <text variable="URL"/>
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    <!-- This section is for electronic database locations. Physical archives for these and other item types are called in 'publisher' macro -->
    <choose>
    <if variable="archive-place" match="none">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text term="retrieved" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <text term="from"/>
    <text variable="archive" suffix="."/>
    <text variable="archive_location" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
    </group>
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    </if>
    </choose>
    </else-if>
    </choose>
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    <macro name="title">
    <choose>
    <if type="treaty">
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    <text variable="title" text-case="title"/>
    <names variable="author">
    <name initialize-with="." form="short" delimiter="-"/>
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    <else-if type="patent" variable="number" match="all">
    <text macro="patent-number" font-style="italic"/>
    </else-if>
    <else-if variable="title">
    <choose>
    <if variable="version" type="book" match="all">
    <!---This is a hack until we have a software type -->
    <text variable="title"/>
    </if>
    <else-if variable="reviewed-author reviewed-title" type="review review-book" match="any">
    <choose>
    <if variable="reviewed-title">
    <choose>
    <if type="post post-weblog webpage" variable="container-title" match="any">
    <text variable="title"/>
    </if>
    <else>
    <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
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    </if>
    </choose>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="post post-weblog webpage" variable="container-title" match="any">
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    <else>
    <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
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    </choose>
    </else-if>
    <else-if variable="interviewer" type="interview" match="any">
    <names variable="interviewer">
    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
    </names>
    </else-if>
    </choose>
    </macro>
  <!-- APA has four descriptive sections following the title: -->
    <!-- (description), [format], container, event -->
    <macro name="description">
    <group prefix="(" suffix=")">
    <choose>
    <!-- book is here to catch software with container titles -->
    <if type="book report" match="any">
    <choose>
    <if variable="container-title">
    <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
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    <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
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    </else>
    </choose>
    </if>
    <else-if type="thesis">
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    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <choose>
    <!-- In APA journals, the university of a thesis is always cited, even if another locator is given -->
    <if variable="DOI URL archive" match="any">
    <text variable="publisher"/>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </group>
    <text macro="locators"/>
    <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
    </group>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="book interview manuscript motion_picture musical_score pamphlet post-weblog speech webpage" match="any">
    <group delimiter="; ">
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    <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
    </group>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="song">
    <choose>
    <if variable="container-title" match="none">
    <text macro="locators"/>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="article dataset figure" match="any">
    <choose>
    <if variable="container-title">
    <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
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    <group delimiter="; ">
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    </group>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="bill legislation legal_case patent treaty personal_communication" match="none">
    <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
    </else-if>
    </choose>
    </group>
    </macro>
    <macro name="format">
    <group prefix="[" suffix="]">
    <choose>
    <if variable="reviewed-author reviewed-title" type="review review-book" match="any">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <choose>
    <if variable="genre">
    <!-- Delimiting by , rather than "of" to avoid incorrect grammar -->
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <choose>
    <if variable="reviewed-title">
    <text variable="reviewed-title" font-style="italic"/>
    </if>
    <else>
    <!-- Assume `title` is title of reviewed work -->
    <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
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    <!-- This should be localized -->
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text value="Review of"/>
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    <text variable="reviewed-title" font-style="italic"/>
    </if>
    <else>
    <!-- Assume `title` is title of reviewed work -->
    <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
    </else>
    </choose>
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    </else>
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    <text macro="format-short"/>
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    </choose>
    </group>
    </macro>
    <macro name="format-short">
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    <if variable="reviewed-author reviewed-title" type="review review-book" match="any">
    <choose>
    <if variable="reviewed-title" match="none">
    <choose>
    <if variable="genre">
    <!-- Delimiting by , rather than "of" to avoid incorrect grammar -->
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else>
    <!-- This should be localized -->
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text value="Review of"/>
    <text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
    </group>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </if>
    <else>
    <text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title" quotes="true"/>
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    </if>
    <else-if type="speech thesis" match="any">
    <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    </else-if>
    <!-- book is here to catch software with container titles -->
    <else-if type="book report" match="any">
    <choose>
    <if variable="container-title" match="none">
    <text macro="format-report"/>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="manuscript pamphlet" match="any">
    <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="personal_communication">
    <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="song">
    <group delimiter="; ">
    <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
    <choose>
    <if variable="container-title" match="none">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </group>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="paper-conference">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <choose>
    <if variable="collection-editor editor issue page volume" match="any">
    <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    </if>
    </choose>
    <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    </group>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="bill legislation legal_case patent treaty" match="none">
    <choose>
    <if variable="genre medium" match="any">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else-if type="dataset">
    <!-- This should be localized -->
    <text value="Data set"/>
    </else-if>
    </choose>
    </else-if>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="description-report">
    <choose>
    <if variable="number">
    <group delimiter="; ">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text variable="genre" text-case="title"/>
    <!-- Replace with term="number" if that becomes available -->
    <text term="issue" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <text variable="number"/>
    </group>
    <text macro="locators"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else>
    <text macro="locators"/>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="format-report">
    <choose>
    <if variable="number">
    <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    </if>
    <else>
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    </group>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="title-and-descriptions">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text macro="title"/>
    <choose>
    <if variable="title interviewer" type="interview" match="any">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text macro="description"/>
    <text macro="format"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else>
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text macro="format"/>
    <text macro="description"/>
    </group>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </group>
    </macro>
    <macro name="archive">
    <group delimiter=". ">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <choose>
    <if type="manuscript">
    <text variable="genre"/>
    </if>
    </choose>
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <!-- Replace "archive" with "archive_collection" as that becomes available -->
    <text variable="archive"/>
    <text variable="archive_location" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
    </group>
    </group>
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <!-- Move "archive" here when "archive_collection" becomes available -->
    <text variable="archive-place"/>
    </group>
    </group>
    </macro>
    <macro name="publisher">
    <choose>
    <if type="manuscript pamphlet" match="any">
    <choose>
    <if variable="archive archive_location archive-place" match="any">
    <group delimiter=". ">
  <group delimiter=": ">
                  <text variable="publisher-place"/>
                        <text variable="publisher"/>
    </group>
    <text macro="archive"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else>
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text variable="genre"/>
    <text variable="publisher"/>
    <text variable="publisher-place"/>
    </group>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </if>
    <else-if type="thesis" match="any">
    <group delimiter=". ">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text variable="publisher"/>
    <text variable="publisher-place"/>
    </group>
    <text macro="archive"/>
    </group>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="patent">
    <group delimiter=". ">
  <group delimiter=": ">
              <text variable="publisher-place"/>
                        <text variable="publisher"/>
    </group>
    <text macro="archive"/>
    </group>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper" match="any">
    <text macro="archive"/>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="post post-weblog webpage" match="none">
    <group delimiter=". ">
    <choose>
    <if variable="event">
    <choose>
    <!-- Only print publisher info if published in a proceedings -->
    <if variable="collection-editor editor issue page volume" match="any">
  <group delimiter=": ">
                      <text variable="publisher-place"/>
                        <text variable="publisher"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </if>
    <else>
  <group delimiter=": ">
                  <text variable="publisher-place"/>
                        <text variable="publisher"/>
    </group>
    </else>
    </choose>
    <text macro="archive"/>
    </group>
    </else-if>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="event">
    <choose>
    <if variable="event" type="speech paper-conference" match="any">
    <choose>
    <!-- Don't print event info if published in a proceedings -->
    <if variable="collection-editor editor issue page volume" match="none">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <choose>
    <if variable="genre">
    <text term="presented at"/>
    </if>
    <else>
    <text term="presented at" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    </else>
    </choose>
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text variable="event"/>
    <text variable="event-place"/>
    </group>
    </group>
    </group>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="issued">
    <choose>
    <if type="bill legal_case legislation" match="any"/>
    <else-if variable="issued">
    <group>
    <date variable="issued">
    <date-part name="year"/>
    </date>
    <text variable="year-suffix"/>
    <choose>
    <if type="speech">
    <date variable="issued" delimiter=" ">
    <date-part prefix=", " name="month"/>
    </date>
    </if>
    <else-if type="article article-magazine article-newspaper broadcast interview pamphlet personal_communication post post-weblog treaty webpage" match="any">
    <date variable="issued">
    <date-part prefix=", " name="month"/>
    <date-part prefix=" " name="day"/>
    </date>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="paper-conference">
    <choose>
    <if variable="container-title" match="none">
    <date variable="issued">
    <date-part prefix=", " name="month"/>
    <date-part prefix=" " name="day"/>
    </date>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </else-if>
  <!-- Only year: article-journal chapter entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia dataset figure graphic motion_picture manuscript map musical_score paper-conference [published] patent report review review-book song thesis -->
    </choose>
    </group>
    </else-if>
    <else-if variable="status">
    <group>
    <text variable="status" text-case="lowercase"/>
    <text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
    </group>
    </else-if>
    <else>
    <group>
    <text term="no date" form="short"/>
    <text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
    </group>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="issued-sort">
    <choose>
    <if type="article article-magazine article-newspaper broadcast interview pamphlet personal_communication post post-weblog speech treaty webpage" match="any">
    <date variable="issued">
    <date-part name="year"/>
    <date-part name="month"/>
    <date-part name="day"/>
    </date>
    </if>
    <else>
    <date variable="issued">
    <date-part name="year"/>
    </date>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="issued-year">
    <group>
    <choose>
    <if type="personal_communication">
    <choose>
    <if variable="archive DOI publisher URL" match="none">
    <!-- These variables indicate that the letter is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the APA in-text-only personal communication format -->
    <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
    </if>
    <else>
    <date variable="issued">
    <date-part name="year"/>
    </date>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </if>
    <else>
    <date variable="issued">
    <date-part name="year"/>
    </date>
    </else>
    </choose>
    <text variable="year-suffix"/>
    </group>
    </macro>
    <macro name="issued-citation">
    <choose>
    <if variable="issued">
    <group delimiter="/">
    <choose>
    <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
    <group prefix="[" suffix="]" delimiter=" ">
    <text term="circa" form="short"/>
    <date variable="original-date">
    <date-part name="year"/>
    </date>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else>
    <date variable="original-date">
    <date-part name="year"/>
    </date>
    </else>
    </choose>
    <choose>
    <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
    <group prefix="[" suffix="]" delimiter=" ">
    <text term="circa" form="short"/>
    <text macro="issued-year"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else>
    <text macro="issued-year"/>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else-if variable="status">
    <text variable="status" text-case="lowercase"/>
    <text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
    </else-if>
    <else>
    <text term="no date" form="short"/>
    <text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="original-date">
    <choose>
    <if type="bill legal_case legislation" match="any"/>
    <else-if type="speech">
    <date variable="original-date" delimiter=" ">
    <date-part name="month"/>
    <date-part name="year"/>
    </date>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="article article-magazine article-newspaper broadcast interview pamphlet personal_communication post post-weblog treaty webpage" match="any">
    <date variable="original-date" form="text"/>
    </else-if>
    <else>
    <date variable="original-date">
    <date-part name="year"/>
    </date>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="original-published">
    <!--This should be localized -->
    <choose>
    <if type="bill legal_case legislation" match="any"/>
    <else-if type="interview motion_picture song" match="any">
    <text value="Original work recorded"/>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="broadcast">
    <text value="Original work broadcast"/>
    </else-if>
    <else>
    <text value="Original work published"/>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="edition">
    <choose>
    <if is-numeric="edition">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
    <text term="edition" form="short"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else>
    <text variable="edition"/>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="locators">
    <choose>
    <if type="article-journal article-magazine figure review review-book" match="any">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <group>
    <text variable="volume" font-style="italic"/>
    <text variable="issue" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
    </group>
    <text variable="page"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else-if type="article-newspaper">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <label variable="page" form="short"/>
    <text variable="page"/>
    </group>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="paper-conference">
    <choose>
    <if variable="collection-editor editor" match="any">
    <text macro="locators-booklike"/>
    </if>
    <else>
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <group>
    <text variable="volume" font-style="italic"/>
    <text variable="issue" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
    </group>
    <text variable="page"/>
    </group>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="bill broadcast interview legal_case legislation patent post post-weblog speech treaty webpage" match="none">
    <text macro="locators-booklike"/>
    </else-if>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="locators-booklike">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text macro="edition"/>
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text term="version" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <text variable="version"/>
    </group>
    <choose>
    <if variable="volume" match="any">
    <choose>
    <if is-numeric="volume" match="none"/>
    <else-if variable="collection-title">
    <choose>
    <if variable="editor translator" match="none">
    <choose>
    <if variable="collection-number">
    <group>
    <text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
    <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </else-if>
    <else>
    <group>
    <text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
    <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
    </group>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </if>
    <else>
    <group>
    <text term="volume" form="short" plural="true" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
    <number variable="number-of-volumes" form="numeric" prefix="1&#8211;"/>
    </group>
    </else>
    </choose>
    <group>
    <label variable="page" form="short" suffix=" "/>
    <text variable="page"/>
    </group>
    </group>
    </macro>
    <macro name="citation-locator">
    <group>
    <choose>
    <if locator="chapter">
    <label variable="locator" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    </if>
    <else>
    <label variable="locator" form="short"/>
    </else>
    </choose>
    <text variable="locator" prefix=" "/>
    </group>
    </macro>
    <macro name="container">
    <choose>
    <if type="article article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper review review-book" match="any">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text macro="container-title"/>
    <text macro="locators"/>
    </group>
    <choose>
    <!--for advance online publication-->
    <if variable="issued">
    <choose>
    <if variable="page issue" match="none">
    <text variable="status" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix=". "/>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </if>
    <else-if type="article dataset figure" match="any">
    <choose>
    <if variable="container-title">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text macro="container-title"/>
    <text macro="locators"/>
    </group>
    <choose>
    <!--for advance online publication-->
    <if variable="issued">
    <choose>
    <if variable="page issue" match="none">
    <text variable="status" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix=". "/>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </else-if>
    <!-- book is here to catch software with container titles -->
    <else-if type="book" variable="container-title" match="all">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text macro="container-contributors"/>
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text macro="container-title"/>
    <text macro="description-report" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
    <text macro="format-report" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
    </group>
    </group>
    </group>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="report" variable="container-title" match="all">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text macro="container-contributors"/>
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text macro="container-title"/>
    <text macro="description-report" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
    <text macro="format-report" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
    </group>
    </group>
    </group>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="song" variable="container-title" match="all">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text macro="container-contributors"/>
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text macro="container-title"/>
    <text macro="locators" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
    <group delimiter=", " prefix="[" suffix="]">
    <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    </group>
    </group>
    </group>
    </group>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="paper-conference">
    <choose>
    <if variable="editor collection-editor container-author" match="any">
    <text macro="container-booklike"/>
    </if>
    <else>
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text macro="container-title"/>
    <text macro="locators"/>
    </group>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="book">
    <choose>
    <!-- book and software should not cite collection-title, only container-title -->
    <if variable="container-title">
    <text macro="container-booklike"/>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="broadcast chapter entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia graphic map speech" match="any">
    <text macro="container-booklike"/>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="bill legal_case legislation treaty" match="any">
    <text macro="legal-cites"/>
    </else-if>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="container-booklike">
    <choose>
    <if variable="container-title collection-title" match="any">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <text macro="container-contributors"/>
    <choose>
    <if variable="container-author editor translator" match="none">
    <group delimiter=". ">
  <group delimiter=": ">
                      <text variable="collection-title" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
                        <choose>
                        <if variable="collection-title">
                        <group delimiter=" ">
                        <text term="volume" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                        <number variable="collection-number" font-style="italic" form="numeric"/>
                        <choose>
                        <if variable="collection-number" match="none">
                        <number variable="volume" font-style="italic" form="numeric"/>
                        </if>
                        </choose>
                        </group>
                        </if>
                        </choose>
    </group>
    <!-- Replace with volume-title as that becomes available -->
  <group delimiter=": ">
                      <text macro="container-title"/>
                        <choose>
                        <if variable="collection-title" is-numeric="volume" match="none">
                        <group delimiter=" ">
                        <text term="volume" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                        <text variable="volume" font-style="italic"/>
                        </group>
                        </if>
                        </choose>
    </group>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else>
    <!-- Replace with volume-title as that becomes available -->
  <group delimiter=": ">
                    <text macro="container-title"/>
                        <choose>
                        <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
                        <group delimiter=" ">
                        <text term="volume" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                        <text variable="volume" font-style="italic"/>
                        </group>
                        </if>
                        </choose>
    </group>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </group>
    <group delimiter="; " prefix="(" suffix=")">
    <text macro="locators"/>
    <names variable="container-author">
    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" " text-case="title"/>
    <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
    </names>
    </group>
    </group>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="container-title">
    <choose>
    <if type="article article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper dataset" match="any">
    <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
    </if>
    <else-if type="paper-conference speech">
    <choose>
    <if variable="collection-editor container-author editor" match="any">
    <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/>
    </if>
    <else>
    <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="bill legal_case legislation post-weblog webpage" match="none">
    <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/>
    </else-if>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <!-- After 'source', APA also prints publication history (original publication, reprint info, retraction info) -->
    <macro name="publication-history">
    <choose>
    <if type="patent" match="none">
    <group prefix="(" suffix=")">
    <choose>
    <if variable="references">
    <!-- This provides the option for more elaborate description
    of publication history, such as full "reprinted" references
    (example 26) or retracted references -->
    <text variable="references"/>
    </if>
    <else>
    <choose>
    <if variable="original-date">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text macro="original-published"/>
    <choose>
    <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
    <group prefix="[" suffix="]" delimiter=" ">
    <text term="circa" form="short"/>
    <text macro="original-date"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else>
    <text macro="original-date"/>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </group>
    </if>
    </choose>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else>
    <text variable="references" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <macro name="legal-cites">
    <choose>
    <if type="legal_case">
    <group prefix=", " delimiter=" ">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <choose>
    <if variable="container-title">
    <text variable="volume"/>
    <text variable="container-title"/>
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <!--change to label variable="section" as that becomes available -->
    <text term="section" form="symbol"/>
    <text variable="section"/>
    </group>
    <text variable="page"/>
    </if>
    <else>
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <choose>
    <if is-numeric="number">
    <!-- Replace with term="number" if that becomes available -->
    <text term="issue" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    </if>
    </choose>
    <text variable="number"/>
    </group>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </group>
    <group prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter=" ">
    <text variable="authority"/>
    <choose>
    <if variable="container-title" match="any">
    <!--Only print year for cases published in reporters-->
    <date variable="issued" form="numeric" date-parts="year"/>
    </if>
    <else>
    <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </group>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else-if type="bill legislation" match="any">
    <group prefix=", " delimiter=" ">
    <group delimiter=", ">
    <choose>
    <if variable="number">
    <!--There's a public law number-->
    <text variable="number" prefix="Pub. L. No. "/>
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <!--change to label variable="section" as that becomes available -->
    <text term="section" form="symbol"/>
    <text variable="section"/>
    </group>
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text variable="volume"/>
    <text variable="container-title"/>
    <text variable="page-first"/>
    </group>
    </if>
    <else>
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <text variable="volume"/>
    <text variable="container-title"/>
    <!--change to label variable="section" as that becomes available -->
    <text term="section" form="symbol"/>
    <text variable="section"/>
    </group>
    </else>
    </choose>
    </group>
    <date variable="issued" prefix="(" suffix=")">
    <date-part name="year"/>
    </date>
    </group>
    </else-if>
    <else-if type="treaty">
    <group delimiter=" ">
    <number variable="volume"/>
    <text variable="container-title"/>
    <text variable="page"/>
    </group>
    </else-if>
    </choose>
    </macro>
    <citation et-al-min="6" et-al-use-first="1" et-al-subsequent-min="3" et-al-subsequent-use-first="1" disambiguate-add-year-suffix="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" disambiguate-add-givenname="true" collapse="year" givenname-disambiguation-rule="primary-name">
    <sort>
    <key macro="author" names-min="8" names-use-first="6"/>
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updated: 1596768306
custom: true
url_id: 'http://www.zotero.org/styles/apa-6th-edition'