rdrew
6 months ago
2 changed files with 987 additions and 0 deletions
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# Best of Vim Tips |
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Best of Vim Tips |
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David Rayner (zzapper) 15 Years of Vi + 7 years of Vim and still learning 12Oct10 : Last Update |
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__BEGIN__ |
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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" new items marked *N* , corrected items marked *C* |
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" searching |
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/joe/e : cursor set to End of match |
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3/joe/e+1 : find 3rd joe cursor set to End of match plus 1 *C* |
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/joe/s-2 : cursor set to Start of match minus 2 |
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/joe/+3 : find joe move cursor 3 lines down |
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/^joe.*fred.*bill/ : find joe AND fred AND Bill (Joe at start of line) |
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/^[A-J]/ : search for lines beginning with one or more A-J |
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/begin\_.*end : search over possible multiple lines |
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/fred\_s*joe/ : any whitespace including newline *C* |
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/fred\|joe : Search for FRED OR JOE |
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/.*fred\&.*joe : Search for FRED AND JOE in any ORDER! |
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/\<fred\>/ : search for fred but not alfred or frederick *C* |
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/\<\d\d\d\d\> : Search for exactly 4 digit numbers |
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/\D\d\d\d\d\D : Search for exactly 4 digit numbers |
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/\<\d\{4}\> : same thing |
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/\([^0-9]\|^\)%.*% : Search for absence of a digit or beginning of line |
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" finding empty lines |
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/^\n\{3} : find 3 empty lines |
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/^str.*\nstr : find 2 successive lines starting with str |
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/\(^str.*\n\)\{2} : find 2 successive lines starting with str |
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" using rexexp memory in a search |
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/\(fred\).*\(joe\).*\2.*\1 |
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" Repeating the Regexp (rather than what the Regexp finds) |
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/^\([^,]*,\)\{8} |
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" visual searching |
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:vmap // y/<C-R>"<CR> : search for visually highlighted text |
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:vmap <silent> // y/<C-R>=escape(@", '\\/.*$^~[]')<CR><CR> : with spec chars |
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" \zs and \ze regex delimiters :h /\zs |
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/<\zs[^>]*\ze> : search for tag contents, ignoring chevrons |
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" zero-width :h /\@= |
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/<\@<=[^>]*>\@= : search for tag contents, ignoring chevrons |
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/<\@<=\_[^>]*>\@= : search for tags across possible multiple lines |
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" searching over multiple lines \_ means including newline |
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/<!--\_p\{-}--> : search for multiple line comments |
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/fred\_s*joe/ : any whitespace including newline *C* |
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/bugs\(\_.\)*bunny : bugs followed by bunny anywhere in file |
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:h \_ : help |
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" search for declaration of subroutine/function under cursor |
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:nmap gx yiw/^\(sub\<bar>function\)\s\+<C-R>"<CR> |
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" multiple file search |
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:bufdo /searchstr/ : use :rewind to recommence search |
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" multiple file search better but cheating |
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:bufdo %s/searchstr/&/gic : say n and then a to stop |
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" How to search for a URL without backslashing |
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?http://www.vim.org/ : (first) search BACKWARDS!!! clever huh! |
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" Specify what you are NOT searching for (vowels) |
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/\c\v([^aeiou]&\a){4} : search for 4 consecutive consonants |
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/\%>20l\%<30lgoat : Search for goat between lines 20 and 30 *N* |
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/^.\{-}home.\{-}\zshome/e : match only the 2nd occurence in a line of "home" *N* |
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:%s/home.\{-}\zshome/alone : Substitute only the occurrence of home in any line *N* |
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" find str but not on lines containing tongue |
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^\(.*tongue.*\)\@!.*nose.*$ |
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\v^((tongue)@!.)*nose((tongue)@!.)*$ |
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.*nose.*\&^\%(\%(tongue\)\@!.\)*$ |
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:v/tongue/s/nose/&/gic |
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"---------------------------------------- |
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"substitution |
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:%s/fred/joe/igc : general substitute command |
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:%s//joe/igc : Substitute what you last searched for *N* |
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:%s/~/sue/igc : Substitute your last replacement string *N* |
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:%s/\r//g : Delete DOS returns ^M |
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" Is your Text File jumbled onto one line? use following |
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:%s/\r/\r/g : Turn DOS returns ^M into real returns |
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:%s= *$== : delete end of line blanks |
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:%s= \+$== : Same thing |
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:%s#\s*\r\?$## : Clean both trailing spaces AND DOS returns |
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:%s#\s*\r*$## : same thing |
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" deleting empty lines |
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:%s/^\n\{3}// : delete blocks of 3 empty lines |
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:%s/^\n\+/\r/ : compressing empty lines |
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:%s#<[^>]\+>##g : delete html tags, leave text (non-greedy) |
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:%s#<\_.\{-1,}>##g : delete html tags possibly multi-line (non-greedy) |
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:%s#.*\(\d\+hours\).*#\1# : Delete all but memorised string (\1) *N* |
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%s#><\([^/]\)#>\r<\1#g : split jumbled up XML file into one tag per line *N* |
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" VIM Power Substitute |
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:'a,'bg/fred/s/dick/joe/igc : VERY USEFUL |
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" duplicating columns |
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:%s= [^ ]\+$=&&= : duplicate end column |
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:%s= \f\+$=&&= : same thing |
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:%s= \S\+$=&& : usually the same |
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" memory |
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%s#.*\(tbl_\w\+\).*#\1# : produce a list of all strings tbl_* *N* |
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:s/\(.*\):\(.*\)/\2 : \1/ : reverse fields separated by : |
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:%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/ : delete duplicate lines |
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" non-greedy matching \{-} |
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:%s/^.\{-}pdf/new.pdf/ : delete to 1st occurence of pdf only (non-greedy) |
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" use of optional atom \? |
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:%s#\<[zy]\?tbl_[a-z_]\+\>#\L&#gc : lowercase with optional leading characters |
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" over possibly many lines |
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:%s/<!--\_.\{-}-->// : delete possibly multi-line comments |
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:help /\{-} : help non-greedy |
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" substitute using a register |
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:s/fred/<c-r>a/g : sub "fred" with contents of register "a" |
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:s/fred/<c-r>asome_text<c-r>s/g |
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:s/fred/\=@a/g : better alternative as register not displayed |
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" multiple commands on one line |
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:%s/\f\+\.gif\>/\r&\r/g | v/\.gif$/d | %s/gif/jpg/ |
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:%s/a/but/gie|:update|:next : then use @: to repeat |
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" ORing |
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:%s/goat\|cow/sheep/gc : ORing (must break pipe) |
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:'a,'bs#\[\|\]##g : remove [] from lines between markers a and b *N* |
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:%s/\v(.*\n){5}/&\r : insert a blank line every 5 lines *N* |
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" Calling a VIM function |
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:s/__date__/\=strftime("%c")/ : insert datestring |
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" Working with Columns sub any str1 in col3 |
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:%s:\(\(\w\+\s\+\)\{2}\)str1:\1str2: |
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" Swapping first & last column (4 columns) |
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:%s:\(\w\+\)\(.*\s\+\)\(\w\+\)$:\3\2\1: |
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" format a mysql query |
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:%s#\<from\>\|\<where\>\|\<left join\>\|\<\inner join\>#\r&#g |
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" filter all form elements into paste register |
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:redir @*|sil exec 'g#<\(input\|select\|textarea\|/\=form\)\>#p'|redir END |
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:nmap ,z :redir @*<Bar>sil exec 'g@<\(input\<Bar>select\<Bar>textarea\<Bar>/\=form\)\>@p'<Bar>redir END<CR> |
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" substitute string in column 30 *N* |
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:%s/^\(.\{30\}\)xx/\1yy/ |
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" decrement numbers by 3 |
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:%s/\d\+/\=(submatch(0)-3)/ |
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" increment numbers by 6 on certain lines only |
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:g/loc\|function/s/\d/\=submatch(0)+6/ |
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" better |
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:%s#txtdev\zs\d#\=submatch(0)+1#g |
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:h /\zs |
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" increment only numbers gg\d\d by 6 (another way) |
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:%s/\(gg\)\@<=\d\+/\=submatch(0)+6/ |
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:h zero-width |
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" rename a string with an incrementing number |
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:let i=10 | 'a,'bg/Abc/s/yy/\=i/ |let i=i+1 # convert yy to 10,11,12 etc |
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" as above but more precise |
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:let i=10 | 'a,'bg/Abc/s/xx\zsyy\ze/\=i/ |let i=i+1 # convert xxyy to xx11,xx12,xx13 |
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" find replacement text, put in memory, then use \zs to simplify substitute |
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:%s/"\([^.]\+\).*\zsxx/\1/ |
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" Pull word under cursor into LHS of a substitute |
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:nmap <leader>z :%s#\<<c-r>=expand("<cword>")<cr>\># |
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" Pull Visually Highlighted text into LHS of a substitute |
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:vmap <leader>z :<C-U>%s/\<<c-r>*\>/ |
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" substitute singular or plural |
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:'a,'bs/bucket\(s\)*/bowl\1/gic *N* |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" all following performing similar task, substitute within substitution |
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" Multiple single character substitution in a portion of line only |
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:%s,\(all/.*\)\@<=/,_,g : replace all / with _ AFTER "all/" |
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" Same thing |
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:s#all/\zs.*#\=substitute(submatch(0), '/', '_', 'g')# |
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" Substitute by splitting line, then re-joining |
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:s#all/#&^M#|s#/#_#g|-j! |
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" Substitute inside substitute |
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:%s/.*/\='cp '.submatch(0).' all/'.substitute(submatch(0),'/','_','g')/ |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" global command display |
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:g/gladiolli/# : display with line numbers (YOU WANT THIS!) |
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:g/fred.*joe.*dick/ : display all lines fred,joe & dick |
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:g/\<fred\>/ : display all lines fred but not freddy |
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:g/^\s*$/d : delete all blank lines |
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:g!/^dd/d : delete lines not containing string |
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:v/^dd/d : delete lines not containing string |
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:g/joe/,/fred/d : not line based (very powerfull) |
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:g/fred/,/joe/j : Join Lines *N* |
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:g/-------/.-10,.d : Delete string & 10 previous lines |
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:g/{/ ,/}/- s/\n\+/\r/g : Delete empty lines but only between {...} |
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:v/\S/d : Delete empty lines (and blank lines ie whitespace) |
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:v/./,/./-j : compress empty lines |
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:g/^$/,/./-j : compress empty lines |
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:g/<input\|<form/p : ORing |
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:g/^/put_ : double space file (pu = put) |
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:g/^/m0 : Reverse file (m = move) |
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:g/^/m$ : No effect! *N* |
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:'a,'bg/^/m'b : Reverse a section a to b |
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:g/^/t. : duplicate every line |
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:g/fred/t$ : copy(transfer) lines matching fred to EOF |
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:g/stage/t'a : copy (transfer) lines matching stage to marker a (cannot use .) *C* |
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:g/^Chapter/t.|s/./-/g : Automatically underline selecting headings *N* |
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:g/\(^I[^^I]*\)\{80}/d : delete all lines containing at least 80 tabs |
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" perform a substitute on every other line |
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:g/^/ if line('.')%2|s/^/zz / |
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" match all lines containing "somestr" between markers a & b |
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" copy after line containing "otherstr" |
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:'a,'bg/somestr/co/otherstr/ : co(py) or mo(ve) |
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" as above but also do a substitution |
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:'a,'bg/str1/s/str1/&&&/|mo/str2/ |
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:%norm jdd : delete every other line |
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" incrementing numbers (type <c-a> as 5 characters) |
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:.,$g/^\d/exe "norm! \<c-a>": increment numbers |
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:'a,'bg/\d\+/norm! ^A : increment numbers |
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" storing glob results (note must use APPEND) you need to empty reg a first with qaq. |
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"save results to a register/paste buffer |
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:g/fred/y A : append all lines fred to register a |
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:g/fred/y A | :let @*=@a : put into paste buffer |
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:let @a=''|g/Barratt/y A |:let @*=@a |
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" filter lines to a file (file must already exist) |
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:'a,'bg/^Error/ . w >> errors.txt |
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" duplicate every line in a file wrap a print '' around each duplicate |
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:g/./yank|put|-1s/'/"/g|s/.*/Print '&'/ |
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" replace string with contents of a file, -d deletes the "mark" |
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:g/^MARK$/r tmp.txt | -d |
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" display prettily |
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:g/<pattern>/z#.5 : display with context |
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:g/<pattern>/z#.5|echo "==========" : display beautifully |
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" Combining g// with normal mode commands |
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:g/|/norm 2f|r* : replace 2nd | with a star |
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"send output of previous global command to a new window |
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:nmap <F3> :redir @a<CR>:g//<CR>:redir END<CR>:new<CR>:put! a<CR><CR> |
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"---------------------------------------- |
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" Global combined with substitute (power editing) |
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:'a,'bg/fred/s/joe/susan/gic : can use memory to extend matching |
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:/fred/,/joe/s/fred/joe/gic : non-line based (ultra) |
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:/biz/,/any/g/article/s/wheel/bucket/gic: non-line based *N* |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" Find fred before beginning search for joe |
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:/fred/;/joe/-2,/sid/+3s/sally/alley/gIC |
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"---------------------------------------- |
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" create a new file for each line of file eg 1.txt,2.txt,3,txt etc |
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:g/^/exe ".w ".line(".").".txt" |
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"---------------------------------------- |
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" chain an external command |
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:.g/^/ exe ".!sed 's/N/X/'" | s/I/Q/ *N* |
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"---------------------------------------- |
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" Operate until string found *N* |
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d/fred/ :delete until fred |
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y/fred/ :yank until fred |
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c/fred/e :change until fred end |
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"---------------------------------------- |
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" Summary of editing repeats *N* |
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. last edit (magic dot) |
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:& last substitute |
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:%& last substitute every line |
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:%&gic last substitute every line confirm |
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g% normal mode repeat last substitute |
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g& last substitute on all lines |
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@@ last recording |
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@: last command-mode command |
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:!! last :! command |
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:~ last substitute |
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:help repeating |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" Summary of repeated searches |
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; last f, t, F or T |
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, last f, t, F or T in opposite direction |
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n last / or ? search |
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N last / or ? search in opposite direction |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" Absolutely essential |
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---------------------------------------- |
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* # g* g# : find word under cursor (<cword>) (forwards/backwards) |
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% : match brackets {}[]() |
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. : repeat last modification |
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@: : repeat last : command (then @@) |
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matchit.vim : % now matches tags <tr><td><script> <?php etc |
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<C-N><C-P> : word completion in insert mode |
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<C-X><C-L> : Line complete SUPER USEFUL |
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/<C-R><C-W> : Pull <cword> onto search/command line |
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/<C-R><C-A> : Pull <CWORD> onto search/command line |
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:set ignorecase : you nearly always want this |
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:set smartcase : overrides ignorecase if uppercase used in search string (cool) |
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:syntax on : colour syntax in Perl,HTML,PHP etc |
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:set syntax=perl : force syntax (usually taken from file extension) |
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:h regexp<C-D> : type control-D and get a list all help topics containing |
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regexp (plus use TAB to Step thru list) |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" MAKE IT EASY TO UPDATE/RELOAD _vimrc |
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:nmap ,s :source $VIM/_vimrc |
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:nmap ,v :e $VIM/_vimrc |
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:e $MYVIMRC : edits your _vimrc whereever it might be *N* |
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" How to have a variant in your .vimrc for different PCs *N* |
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if $COMPUTERNAME == "NEWPC" |
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ab mypc vista |
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else |
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ab mypc dell25 |
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endif |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" splitting windows |
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:vsplit other.php # vertically split current file with other.php *N* |
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---------------------------------------- |
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"VISUAL MODE (easy to add other HTML Tags) |
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:vmap sb "zdi<b><C-R>z</b><ESC> : wrap <b></b> around VISUALLY selected Text |
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:vmap st "zdi<?= <C-R>z ?><ESC> : wrap <?= ?> around VISUALLY selected Text |
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---------------------------------------- |
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"vim 7 tabs |
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vim -p fred.php joe.php : open files in tabs |
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:tabe fred.php : open fred.php in a new tab |
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:tab ball : tab open files |
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" vim 7 forcing use of tabs from .vimrc |
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:nnoremap gf <C-W>gf |
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:cab e tabe |
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:tab sball : retab all files in buffer (repair) *N* |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" Exploring |
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:e . : file explorer |
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:Exp(lore) : file explorer note capital Ex |
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:Sex(plore) : file explorer in split window |
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:browse e : windows style browser |
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:ls : list of buffers |
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:cd .. : move to parent directory |
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:args : list of files |
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:args *.php : open list of files (you need this!) |
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:lcd %:p:h : change to directory of current file |
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:autocmd BufEnter * lcd %:p:h : change to directory of current file automatically (put in _vimrc) |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" Changing Case |
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guu : lowercase line |
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gUU : uppercase line |
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Vu : lowercase line |
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VU : uppercase line |
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g~~ : flip case line |
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vEU : Upper Case Word |
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vE~ : Flip Case Word |
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ggguG : lowercase entire file |
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" Titlise Visually Selected Text (map for .vimrc) |
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vmap ,c :s/\<\(.\)\(\k*\)\>/\u\1\L\2/g<CR> |
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" titlise a line |
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nmap ,t :s/.*/\L&/<bar>:s/\<./\u&/g<cr> *N* |
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" Uppercase first letter of sentences |
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:%s/[.!?]\_s\+\a/\U&\E/g |
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---------------------------------------- |
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gf : open file name under cursor (SUPER) |
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:nnoremap gF :view <cfile><cr> : open file under cursor, create if necessary |
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ga : display hex,ascii value of char under cursor |
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ggVGg? : rot13 whole file |
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ggg?G : rot13 whole file (quicker for large file) |
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:8 | normal VGg? : rot13 from line 8 |
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:normal 10GVGg? : rot13 from line 8 |
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<C-A>,<C-X> : increment,decrement number under cursor |
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win32 users must remap CNTRL-A |
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<C-R>=5*5 : insert 25 into text (mini-calculator) |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" Make all other tips superfluous |
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:h 42 : also http://www.google.com/search?q=42 |
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:h holy-grail |
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:h! |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" disguise text (watch out) *N* |
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ggVGg? : rot13 whole file (toggles) |
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:set rl! : reverse lines right to left (toggles) |
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:g/^/m0 : reverse lines top to bottom (toggles) |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" Markers & moving about |
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'. : jump to last modification line (SUPER) |
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`. : jump to exact spot in last modification line |
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g; : cycle thru recent changes (oldest first) |
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g, : reverse direction |
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:changes |
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:h changelist : help for above |
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<C-O> : retrace your movements in file (starting from most recent) |
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<C-I> : retrace your movements in file (reverse direction) |
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:ju(mps) : list of your movements |
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:help jump-motions |
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:history : list of all your commands |
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:his c : commandline history |
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:his s : search history |
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q/ : Search history Window (puts you in full edit mode) (exit CTRL-C) |
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q: : commandline history Window (puts you in full edit mode) (exit CTRL-C) |
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:<C-F> : history Window (exit CTRL-C) |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" Abbreviations & Maps |
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" Following 4 maps enable text transfer between VIM sessions |
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:map <f7> :'a,'bw! c:/aaa/x : save text to file x |
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:map <f8> :r c:/aaa/x : retrieve text |
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:map <f11> :.w! c:/aaa/xr<CR> : store current line |
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:map <f12> :r c:/aaa/xr<CR> : retrieve current line |
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:ab php : list of abbreviations beginning php |
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:map , : list of maps beginning , |
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" allow use of F10 for mapping (win32) |
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set wak=no : :h winaltkeys |
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" For use in Maps |
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<CR> : carriage Return for maps |
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<ESC> : Escape |
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<LEADER> : normally \ |
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<BAR> : | pipe |
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<BACKSPACE> : backspace |
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<SILENT> : No hanging shell window |
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#display RGB colour under the cursor eg #445588 |
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:nmap <leader>c :hi Normal guibg=#<c-r>=expand("<cword>")<cr><cr> |
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map <f2> /price only\\|versus/ :in a map need to backslash the \ |
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# type table,,, to get <table></table> ### Cool ### |
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imap ,,, <esc>bdwa<<esc>pa><cr></<esc>pa><esc>kA |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" Simple PHP debugging display all variables yanked into register a |
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iab phpdb exit("<hr>Debug <C-R>a "); |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" Using a register as a map (preload registers in .vimrc) |
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:let @m=":'a,'bs/" |
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:let @s=":%!sort -u" |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" Useful tricks |
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"ayy@a : execute "Vim command" in a text file |
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yy@" : same thing using unnamed register |
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u@. : execute command JUST typed in |
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"ddw : store what you delete in register d *N* |
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"ccaw : store what you change in register c *N* |
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---------------------------------------- |
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" Get output from other commands (requires external programs) |
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:r!ls -R : reads in output of ls |
||||
:put=glob('**') : same as above *N* |
||||
:r !grep "^ebay" file.txt : grepping in content *N* |
||||
:20,25 !rot13 : rot13 lines 20 to 25 *N* |
||||
!!date : same thing (but replaces/filters current line) |
||||
" Sorting with external sort |
||||
:%!sort -u : use an external program to filter content |
||||
:'a,'b!sort -u : use an external program to filter content |
||||
!1} sort -u : sorts paragraph (note normal mode!!) |
||||
:g/^$/;,/^$/-1!sort : Sort each block (note the crucial ;) |
||||
" Sorting with internal sort |
||||
:sort /.*\%2v/ : sort all lines on second column *N* |
||||
" number lines |
||||
:new | r!nl # *N* |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Multiple Files Management (Essential) |
||||
:bn : goto next buffer |
||||
:bp : goto previous buffer |
||||
:wn : save file and move to next (super) |
||||
:wp : save file and move to previous |
||||
:bd : remove file from buffer list (super) |
||||
:bun : Buffer unload (remove window but not from list) |
||||
:badd file.c : file from buffer list |
||||
:b3 : go to buffer 3 *C* |
||||
:b main : go to buffer with main in name eg main.c (ultra) |
||||
:sav php.html : Save current file as php.html and "move" to php.html |
||||
:sav! %<.bak : Save Current file to alternative extension (old way) |
||||
:sav! %:r.cfm : Save Current file to alternative extension |
||||
:sav %:s/fred/joe/ : do a substitute on file name |
||||
:sav %:s/fred/joe/:r.bak2 : do a substitute on file name & ext. |
||||
:!mv % %:r.bak : rename current file (DOS use Rename or DEL) |
||||
:help filename-modifiers |
||||
:e! : return to unmodified file |
||||
:w c:/aaa/% : save file elsewhere |
||||
:e # : edit alternative file (also cntrl-^) |
||||
:rew : return to beginning of edited files list (:args) |
||||
:brew : buffer rewind |
||||
:sp fred.txt : open fred.txt into a split |
||||
:sball,:sb : Split all buffers (super) |
||||
:scrollbind : in each split window |
||||
:map <F5> :ls<CR>:e # : Pressing F5 lists all buffer, just type number |
||||
:set hidden : Allows to change buffer w/o saving current buffer |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Quick jumping between splits |
||||
map <C-J> <C-W>j<C-W>_ |
||||
map <C-K> <C-W>k<C-W>_ |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Recording (BEST TIP of ALL) |
||||
qq # record to q |
||||
your complex series of commands |
||||
q # end recording |
||||
@q to execute |
||||
@@ to Repeat |
||||
5@@ to Repeat 5 times |
||||
qQ@qq : Make an existing recording q recursive *N* |
||||
" editing a register/recording |
||||
"qp :display contents of register q (normal mode) |
||||
<ctrl-R>q :display contents of register q (insert mode) |
||||
" you can now see recording contents, edit as required |
||||
"qdd :put changed contacts back into q |
||||
@q :execute recording/register q |
||||
" Operating a Recording on a Visual BLOCK |
||||
1) define recording/register |
||||
qq:s/ to/ from/g^Mq |
||||
2) Define Visual BLOCK |
||||
V} |
||||
3) hit : and the following appears |
||||
:'<,'> |
||||
4)Complete as follows |
||||
:'<,'>norm @q |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
"combining a recording with a map (to end up in command mode) |
||||
:nnoremap ] @q:update<bar>bd |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Visual is the newest and usually the most intuitive editing mode |
||||
" Visual basics |
||||
v : enter visual mode |
||||
V : visual mode whole line |
||||
<C-V> : enter VISUAL BLOCK mode |
||||
gv : reselect last visual area (ultra) |
||||
o : navigate visual area |
||||
"*y or "+y : yank visual area into paste buffer *C* |
||||
V% : visualise what you match |
||||
V}J : Join Visual block (great) |
||||
V}gJ : Join Visual block w/o adding spaces |
||||
`[v`] : Highlight last insert |
||||
:%s/\%Vold/new/g : Do a substitute on last visual area *N* |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Delete first 2 characters of 10 successive lines |
||||
0<c-v>10j2ld (use Control Q on win32) *C* |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" how to copy a set of columns using VISUAL BLOCK |
||||
" visual block (AKA columnwise selection) (NOT BY ordinary v command) |
||||
<C-V> then select "column(s)" with motion commands (win32 <C-Q>) |
||||
then c,d,y,r etc |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" how to overwrite a visual-block of text with another such block *C* |
||||
" move with hjkl etc |
||||
Pick the first block: ctrl-v move y |
||||
Pick the second block: ctrl-v move P <esc> |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" text objects :h text-objects *C* |
||||
daW : delete contiguous non whitespace |
||||
di< yi< ci< : Delete/Yank/Change HTML tag contents |
||||
da< ya< ca< : Delete/Yank/Change whole HTML tag |
||||
dat dit : Delete HTML tag pair |
||||
diB daB : Empty a function {} |
||||
das : delete a sentence |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" _vimrc essentials |
||||
:set incsearch : jumps to search word as you type (annoying but excellent) |
||||
:set wildignore=*.o,*.obj,*.bak,*.exe : tab complete now ignores these |
||||
:set shiftwidth=3 : for shift/tabbing |
||||
:set vb t_vb=". : set silent (no beep) |
||||
:set browsedir=buffer : Maki GUI File Open use current directory |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" launching Win IE |
||||
:nmap ,f :update<CR>:silent !start c:\progra~1\intern~1\iexplore.exe file://%:p<CR> |
||||
:nmap ,i :update<CR>: !start c:\progra~1\intern~1\iexplore.exe <cWORD><CR> |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" FTPing from VIM |
||||
cmap ,r :Nread ftp://209.51.134.122/public_html/index.html |
||||
cmap ,w :Nwrite ftp://209.51.134.122/public_html/index.html |
||||
gvim ftp://www.somedomain.com/index.html # uses netrw.vim |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" appending to registers (use CAPITAL) |
||||
" yank 5 lines into "a" then add a further 5 |
||||
"a5yy |
||||
10j |
||||
"A5yy |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
[I : show lines matching word under cursor <cword> (super) |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Conventional Shifting/Indenting |
||||
:'a,'b>> |
||||
" visual shifting (builtin-repeat) |
||||
:vnoremap < <gv |
||||
:vnoremap > >gv |
||||
" Block shifting (magic) |
||||
>i{ |
||||
>a{ |
||||
" also |
||||
>% and <% |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Redirection & Paste register * |
||||
:redir @* : redirect commands to paste buffer |
||||
:redir END : end redirect |
||||
:redir >> out.txt : redirect to a file |
||||
" Working with Paste buffer |
||||
"*yy : yank curent line to paste |
||||
"*p : insert from paste buffer |
||||
" yank to paste buffer (ex mode) |
||||
:'a,'by* : Yank range into paste |
||||
:%y* : Yank whole buffer into paste |
||||
:.y* : Yank Current line to paster |
||||
" filter non-printable characters from the paste buffer |
||||
" useful when pasting from some gui application |
||||
:nmap <leader>p :let @* = substitute(@*,'[^[:print:]]','','g')<cr>"*p |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Re-Formatting text |
||||
gq} : Format a paragraph |
||||
gqap : Format a paragraph |
||||
ggVGgq : Reformat entire file |
||||
Vgq : current line |
||||
" break lines at 70 chars, if possible after a ; |
||||
:s/.\{,69\};\s*\|.\{,69\}\s\+/&\r/g |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Operate command over multiple files |
||||
:argdo %s/foo/bar/e : operate on all files in :args |
||||
:bufdo %s/foo/bar/e |
||||
:windo %s/foo/bar/e |
||||
:argdo exe '%!sort'|w! : include an external command |
||||
:bufdo exe "normal @q" | w : perform a recording on open files |
||||
:silent bufdo !zip proj.zip %:p : zip all current files |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Command line tricks |
||||
gvim -h : help |
||||
ls | gvim - : edit a stream!! |
||||
cat xx | gvim - -c "v/^\d\d\|^[3-9]/d " : filter a stream |
||||
gvim -o file1 file2 : open into a split |
||||
" execute one command after opening file |
||||
gvim.exe -c "/main" joe.c : Open joe.c & jump to "main" |
||||
" execute multiple command on a single file |
||||
vim -c "%s/ABC/DEF/ge | update" file1.c |
||||
" execute multiple command on a group of files |
||||
vim -c "argdo %s/ABC/DEF/ge | update" *.c |
||||
" remove blocks of text from a series of files |
||||
vim -c "argdo /begin/+1,/end/-1g/^/d | update" *.c |
||||
" Automate editing of a file (Ex commands in convert.vim) |
||||
vim -s "convert.vim" file.c |
||||
#load VIM without .vimrc and plugins (clean VIM) |
||||
gvim -u NONE -U NONE -N |
||||
" Access paste buffer contents (put in a script/batch file) |
||||
gvim -c 'normal ggdG"*p' c:/aaa/xp |
||||
" print paste contents to default printer |
||||
gvim -c 's/^/\=@*/|hardcopy!|q!' |
||||
" gvim's use of external grep (win32 or *nix) |
||||
:!grep somestring *.php : creates a list of all matching files *C* |
||||
" use :cn(ext) :cp(rev) to navigate list |
||||
:h grep |
||||
" Using vimgrep with copen *N* |
||||
:vimgrep /keywords/ *.php |
||||
:copen |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" GVIM Difference Function (Brilliant) |
||||
gvim -d file1 file2 : vimdiff (compare differences) |
||||
dp : "put" difference under cursor to other file |
||||
do : "get" difference under cursor from other file |
||||
" complex diff parts of same file *N* |
||||
:1,2yank a | 7,8yank b |
||||
:tabedit | put a | vnew | put b |
||||
:windo diffthis |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Vim traps |
||||
In regular expressions you must backslash + (match 1 or more) |
||||
In regular expressions you must backslash | (or) |
||||
In regular expressions you must backslash ( (group) |
||||
In regular expressions you must backslash { (count) |
||||
/fred\+/ : matches fred/freddy but not free |
||||
/\(fred\)\{2,3}/ : note what you have to break |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" \v or very magic (usually) reduces backslashing |
||||
/codes\(\n\|\s\)*where : normal regexp |
||||
/\vcodes(\n|\s)*where : very magic |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" pulling objects onto command/search line (SUPER) |
||||
<C-R><C-W> : pull word under the cursor into a command line or search |
||||
<C-R><C-A> : pull WORD under the cursor into a command line or search |
||||
<C-R>- : pull small register (also insert mode) |
||||
<C-R>[0-9a-z] : pull named registers (also insert mode) |
||||
<C-R>% : pull file name (also #) (also insert mode) |
||||
<C-R>=somevar : pull contents of a variable (eg :let sray="ray[0-9]") |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" List your Registers |
||||
:reg : display contents of all registers |
||||
:reg a : display content of register a |
||||
:reg 12a : display content of registers 1,2 & a *N* |
||||
"5p : retrieve 5th "ring" |
||||
"1p.... : retrieve numeric registers one by one |
||||
:let @y='yy@"' : pre-loading registers (put in .vimrc) |
||||
qqq : empty register "q" |
||||
qaq : empty register "a" |
||||
:reg .-/%:*" : the seven special registers *N* |
||||
:reg 0 : what you last yanked, not affected by a delete *N* |
||||
"_dd : Delete to blackhole register "_ , don't affect any register *N* |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" manipulating registers |
||||
:let @a=@_ : clear register a |
||||
:let @a="" : clear register a |
||||
:let @a=@" : Save unnamed register *N* |
||||
:let @*=@a : copy register a to paste buffer |
||||
:let @*=@: : copy last command to paste buffer |
||||
:let @*=@/ : copy last search to paste buffer |
||||
:let @*=@% : copy current filename to paste buffer |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" help for help (USE TAB) |
||||
:h quickref : VIM Quick Reference Sheet (ultra) |
||||
:h tips : Vim's own Tips Help |
||||
:h visual<C-D><tab> : obtain list of all visual help topics |
||||
: Then use tab to step thru them |
||||
:h ctrl<C-D> : list help of all control keys |
||||
:helpg uganda : grep HELP Files use :cn, :cp to find next |
||||
:helpgrep edit.*director: grep help using regexp |
||||
:h :r : help for :ex command |
||||
:h CTRL-R : normal mode |
||||
:h /\r : what's \r in a regexp (matches a <CR>) |
||||
:h \\zs : double up backslash to find \zs in help |
||||
:h i_CTRL-R : help for say <C-R> in insert mode |
||||
:h c_CTRL-R : help for say <C-R> in command mode |
||||
:h v_CTRL-V : visual mode |
||||
:h tutor : VIM Tutor |
||||
<C-[>, <C-T> : Move back & Forth in HELP History |
||||
gvim -h : VIM Command Line Help |
||||
:cabbrev h tab h : open help in a tab *N* |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" where was an option set |
||||
:scriptnames : list all plugins, _vimrcs loaded (super) |
||||
:verbose set history? : reveals value of history and where set |
||||
:function : list functions |
||||
:func SearchCompl : List particular function |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" making your own VIM help |
||||
:helptags /vim/vim64/doc : rebuild all *.txt help files in /doc |
||||
:help add-local-help |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" running file thru an external program (eg php) |
||||
map <f9> :w<CR>:!c:/php/php.exe %<CR> |
||||
map <f2> :w<CR>:!perl -c %<CR> |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" capturing output of current script in a separate buffer |
||||
:new | r!perl # : opens new buffer,read other buffer |
||||
:new! x.out | r!perl # : same with named file |
||||
:new+read!ls |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" create a new buffer, paste a register "q" into it, then sort new buffer |
||||
:new +put q|%!sort |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Inserting DOS Carriage Returns |
||||
:%s/$/\<C-V><C-M>&/g : that's what you type |
||||
:%s/$/\<C-Q><C-M>&/g : for Win32 |
||||
:%s/$/\^M&/g : what you'll see where ^M is ONE character |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" automatically delete trailing Dos-returns,whitespace |
||||
autocmd BufRead * silent! %s/[\r \t]\+$// |
||||
autocmd BufEnter *.php :%s/[ \t\r]\+$//e |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" perform an action on a particular file or file type |
||||
autocmd VimEnter c:/intranet/note011.txt normal! ggVGg? |
||||
autocmd FileType *.pl exec('set fileformats=unix') |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Retrieving last command line command for copy & pasting into text |
||||
i<c-r>: |
||||
" Retrieving last Search Command for copy & pasting into text |
||||
i<c-r>/ |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" more completions |
||||
<C-X><C-F> :insert name of a file in current directory |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Substituting a Visual area |
||||
" select visual area as usual (:h visual) then type :s/Emacs/Vim/ etc |
||||
:'<,'>s/Emacs/Vim/g : REMEMBER you dont type the '<.'> |
||||
gv : Re-select the previous visual area (ULTRA) |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" inserting line number into file |
||||
:g/^/exec "s/^/".strpart(line(".")." ", 0, 4) |
||||
:%s/^/\=strpart(line(".")." ", 0, 5) |
||||
:%s/^/\=line('.'). ' ' |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
#numbering lines VIM way |
||||
:set number : show line numbers |
||||
:map <F12> :set number!<CR> : Show linenumbers flip-flop |
||||
:%s/^/\=strpart(line('.')." ",0,&ts) |
||||
#numbering lines (need Perl on PC) starting from arbitrary number |
||||
:'a,'b!perl -pne 'BEGIN{$a=223} substr($_,2,0)=$a++' |
||||
#Produce a list of numbers |
||||
#Type in number on line say 223 in an empty file |
||||
qqmnYP`n^Aq : in recording q repeat with @q |
||||
" increment existing numbers to end of file (type <c-a> as 5 characters) |
||||
:.,$g/^\d/exe "normal! \<c-a>" |
||||
" advanced incrementing |
||||
http://vim.sourceforge.net/tip_view.php?tip_id=150 |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" advanced incrementing (really useful) |
||||
" put following in _vimrc |
||||
let g:I=0 |
||||
function! INC(increment) |
||||
let g:I =g:I + a:increment |
||||
return g:I |
||||
endfunction |
||||
" eg create list starting from 223 incrementing by 5 between markers a,b |
||||
:let I=223 |
||||
:'a,'bs/^/\=INC(5)/ |
||||
" create a map for INC |
||||
cab viminc :let I=223 \| 'a,'bs/$/\=INC(5)/ |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" generate a list of numbers 23-64 |
||||
o23<ESC>qqYp<C-A>q40@q |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" editing/moving within current insert (Really useful) |
||||
<C-U> : delete all entered |
||||
<C-W> : delete last word |
||||
<HOME><END> : beginning/end of line |
||||
<C-LEFTARROW><C-RIGHTARROW> : jump one word backwards/forwards |
||||
<C-X><C-E>,<C-X><C-Y> : scroll while staying put in insert |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
#encryption (use with care: DON'T FORGET your KEY) |
||||
:X : you will be prompted for a key |
||||
:h :X |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" modeline (make a file readonly etc) must be in first/last 5 lines |
||||
// vim:noai:ts=2:sw=4:readonly: |
||||
" vim:ft=html: : says use HTML Syntax highlighting |
||||
:h modeline |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Creating your own GUI Toolbar entry |
||||
amenu Modeline.Insert\ a\ VIM\ modeline <Esc><Esc>ggOvim:ff=unix ts=4 ss=4<CR>vim60:fdm=marker<esc>gg |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" A function to save word under cursor to a file |
||||
function! SaveWord() |
||||
normal yiw |
||||
exe ':!echo '.@0.' >> word.txt' |
||||
endfunction |
||||
map ,p :call SaveWord() |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" function to delete duplicate lines |
||||
function! Del() |
||||
if getline(".") == getline(line(".") - 1) |
||||
norm dd |
||||
endif |
||||
endfunction |
||||
|
||||
:g/^/ call Del() |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Digraphs (non alpha-numerics) |
||||
:digraphs : display table |
||||
:h dig : help |
||||
i<C-K>e' : enters é |
||||
i<C-V>233 : enters é (Unix) |
||||
i<C-Q>233 : enters é (Win32) |
||||
ga : View hex value of any character |
||||
#Deleting non-ascii characters (some invisible) |
||||
:%s/[\x00-\x1f\x80-\xff]/ /g : type this as you see it |
||||
:%s/[<C-V>128-<C-V>255]//gi : where you have to type the Control-V |
||||
:%s/[€-ÿ]//gi : Should see a black square & a dotted y |
||||
:%s/[<C-V>128-<C-V>255<C-V>01-<C-V>31]//gi : All pesky non-asciis |
||||
:exec "norm /[\x00-\x1f\x80-\xff]/" : same thing |
||||
#Pull a non-ascii character onto search bar |
||||
yl/<C-R>" : |
||||
/[^a-zA-Z0-9_[:space:][:punct:]] : search for all non-ascii |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" All file completions grouped (for example main_c.c) |
||||
:e main_<tab> : tab completes |
||||
gf : open file under cursor (normal) |
||||
main_<C-X><C-F> : include NAME of file in text (insert mode) |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Complex Vim |
||||
" swap two words |
||||
:%s/\<\(on\|off\)\>/\=strpart("offon", 3 * ("off" == submatch(0)), 3)/g |
||||
" swap two words |
||||
:vnoremap <C-X> <Esc>`.``gvP``P |
||||
" Swap word with next word |
||||
nmap <silent> gw "_yiw:s/\(\%#\w\+\)\(\_W\+\)\(\w\+\)/\3\2\1/<cr><c-o><c-l> *N* |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Convert Text File to HTML |
||||
:runtime! syntax/2html.vim : convert txt to html |
||||
:h 2html |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" VIM has internal grep |
||||
:grep some_keyword *.c : get list of all c-files containing keyword |
||||
:cn : go to next occurrence |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Force Syntax coloring for a file that has no extension .pl |
||||
:set syntax=perl |
||||
" Remove syntax coloring (useful for all sorts of reasons) |
||||
:set syntax off |
||||
" change coloring scheme (any file in ~vim/vim??/colors) |
||||
:colorscheme blue |
||||
" Force HTML Syntax highlighting by using a modeline |
||||
# vim:ft=html: |
||||
" Force syntax automatically (for a file with non-standard extension) |
||||
au BufRead,BufNewFile */Content.IE?/* setfiletype html |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
:set noma (non modifiable) : Prevents modifications |
||||
:set ro (Read Only) : Protect a file from unintentional writes |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Sessions (Open a set of files) |
||||
gvim file1.c file2.c lib/lib.h lib/lib2.h : load files for "session" |
||||
:mksession : Make a Session file (default Session.vim) |
||||
:q |
||||
gvim -S Session.vim : Reload all files |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
#tags (jumping to subroutines/functions) |
||||
taglist.vim : popular plugin |
||||
:Tlist : display Tags (list of functions) |
||||
<C-]> : jump to function under cursor |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" columnise a csv file for display only as may crop wide columns |
||||
:let width = 20 |
||||
:let fill=' ' | while strlen(fill) < width | let fill=fill.fill | endwhile |
||||
:%s/\([^;]*\);\=/\=strpart(submatch(1).fill, 0, width)/ge |
||||
:%s/\s\+$//ge |
||||
" Highlight a particular csv column (put in .vimrc) |
||||
function! CSVH(x) |
||||
execute 'match Keyword /^\([^,]*,\)\{'.a:x.'}\zs[^,]*/' |
||||
execute 'normal ^'.a:x.'f,' |
||||
endfunction |
||||
command! -nargs=1 Csv :call CSVH(<args>) |
||||
" call with |
||||
:Csv 5 : highlight fifth column |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
zf1G : fold everything before this line *N* |
||||
" folding : hide sections to allow easier comparisons |
||||
zf} : fold paragraph using motion |
||||
v}zf : fold paragraph using visual |
||||
zf'a : fold to mark |
||||
zo : open fold |
||||
zc : re-close fold |
||||
:help folding |
||||
zfG : fold everything after this line *N* |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" displaying "non-asciis" |
||||
:set list |
||||
:h listchars |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" How to paste "normal commands" w/o entering insert mode |
||||
:norm qqy$jq |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" manipulating file names |
||||
:h filename-modifiers : help |
||||
:w % : write to current file name |
||||
:w %:r.cfm : change file extention to .cfm |
||||
:!echo %:p : full path & file name |
||||
:!echo %:p:h : full path only |
||||
:!echo %:t : filename only |
||||
:reg % : display filename |
||||
<C-R>% : insert filename (insert mode) |
||||
"%p : insert filename (normal mode) |
||||
/<C-R>% : Search for file name in text |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" delete without destroying default buffer contents |
||||
"_d : what you've ALWAYS wanted |
||||
"_dw : eg delete word (use blackhole) |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" pull full path name into paste buffer for attachment to email etc |
||||
nnoremap <F2> :let @*=expand("%:p")<cr> :unix |
||||
nnoremap <F2> :let @*=substitute(expand("%:p"), "/", "\\", "g")<cr> :win32 |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Simple Shell script to rename files w/o leaving vim |
||||
$ vim |
||||
:r! ls *.c |
||||
:%s/\(.*\).c/mv & \1.bla |
||||
:w !sh |
||||
:q! |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" count words/lines in a text file |
||||
g<C-G> # counts words |
||||
:echo line("'b")-line("'a") # count lines between markers a and b *N* |
||||
:'a,'bs/^//n # count lines between markers a and b |
||||
:'a,'bs/somestring//gn # count occurences of a string |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" example of setting your own highlighting |
||||
:syn match DoubleSpace " " |
||||
:hi def DoubleSpace guibg=#e0e0e0 |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" reproduce previous line word by word |
||||
imap ] @@@<ESC>hhkyWjl?@@@<CR>P/@@@<CR>3s |
||||
nmap ] i@@@<ESC>hhkyWjl?@@@<CR>P/@@@<CR>3s |
||||
" Programming keys depending on file type |
||||
:autocmd bufenter *.tex map <F1> :!latex %<CR> |
||||
:autocmd bufenter *.tex map <F2> :!xdvi -hush %<.dvi&<CR> |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" reading Ms-Word documents, requires antiword |
||||
:autocmd BufReadPre *.doc set ro |
||||
:autocmd BufReadPre *.doc set hlsearch! |
||||
:autocmd BufReadPost *.doc %!antiword "%" |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" a folding method |
||||
vim: filetype=help foldmethod=marker foldmarker=<<<,>>> |
||||
A really big section closed with a tag <<< |
||||
--- remember folds can be nested --- |
||||
Closing tag >>> |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Return to last edit position (You want this!) *N* |
||||
autocmd BufReadPost * |
||||
\ if line("'\"") > 0 && line("'\"") <= line("$") | |
||||
\ exe "normal! g`\"" | |
||||
\ endif |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" store text that is to be changed or deleted in register a |
||||
"act< : Change Till < *N* |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
# using gVIM with Cygwin on a Windows PC |
||||
if has('win32') |
||||
source $VIMRUNTIME/mswin.vim |
||||
behave mswin |
||||
set shell=c:\\cygwin\\bin\\bash.exe shellcmdflag=-c shellxquote=\" |
||||
endif |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" Just Another Vim Hacker JAVH |
||||
vim -c ":%s%s*%Cyrnfr)fcbafbe[Oenz(Zbbyranne%|:%s)[[()])-)Ig|norm Vg?" |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
__END__ |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
"Read Vimtips into a new vim buffer (needs w3m.sourceforge.net) |
||||
:tabe | :r ! w3m -dump http://zzapper.co.uk/vimtips.html *N* |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
updated version at http://www.zzapper.co.uk/vimtips.html |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
Please email any errors, tips etc to |
||||
david@rayninfo.co.uk |
||||
" Information Sources |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
www.vim.org |
||||
Vim Wiki *** VERY GOOD *** *N* |
||||
Vim Use VIM newsgroup *N* |
||||
comp.editors |
||||
groups.yahoo.com/group/vim "VIM" specific newsgroup |
||||
VIM Webring |
||||
Vim Book |
||||
Searchable VIM Doc |
||||
VimTips PDF Version (PRINTABLE!) |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
" : commands to neutralise < for HTML display and publish |
||||
" use yy@" to execute following commands |
||||
:w!|sav! vimtips.html|:/^__BEGIN__/,/^__END__/s#<#\<#g|:w!|:!vimtipsftp |
||||
---------------------------------------- |
||||
History & Attributions |
||||
|
Loading…
Reference in new issue