diff --git a/src/Controller/InstructionsController.php b/src/Controller/InstructionsController.php
index 8b75480..e22ae5a 100644
--- a/src/Controller/InstructionsController.php
+++ b/src/Controller/InstructionsController.php
@@ -14,23 +14,24 @@ class InstructionsController extends ControllerBase {
    */
   public function modal() {
     $html = "
-<p>Upload your files to the server. If the files use the naming convention of {nid}_filename the created media will be
-    associated with the node identified by that nid. If not, the media will still be created, but will have to be associated 
-    manually to a node through the UI.
+<p>Upload your files to the server. If your files follow the naming convention <strong>{nid}_filename</strong> (where {nid} is the Node ID 
+   of the target node), the created media will automatically associate with that node. <em>e.g.</em> <strong>35_myfile.tif</strong> 
+   will create a media associated with node 35. If the files do not use this naming convention, the media will still be created, 
+   but will have to be associated manually to a node through the UI.
 </p>
-<p> If <strong><em>Already in place</em></strong> is selected, files in the destination folder will become Drupal managed files,
-    and those files will be used to build the media. This is the fastest and most efficient way to ingest very large files. </p>
+<p> If you choose <strong><em>Already in place</em></strong>, unmanaged files in the destination folder will be now be managed 
+    by Drupal, and those files will be used to create media. This is the fastest way to ingest very large files. </p>
 <p>The source directory holds files to be ingested. The source directory must be identified by the full 
-  server path e.g. <strong><em>/var/www/upload_folder</em></strong>.
+  server path <em>e.g.</em> <strong><em>/var/www/upload_folder</em></strong>.
 </p>
-<p>The destination directory is within the Drupal file system. The path is relative, and the folder will be created if
-    it does not already exist.</p>
-<p> The file storage system is defined within the Media Types definitions. The uploaded files will be stored
-    in the default directory unless another file system is selected.
+<p>The destination directory will exist within the Drupal file system. The path is relative, and the folder will be created within the file system 
+   if it does not already exist.  The user must have permissions to create folders and write files in the selected file system.</p>
+<p> The filesystem is defined within the Media Types definitions. The uploaded files will be stored
+    in that system unless another file system is selected.
 <p>
 <p>File ownership is normally <strong>www-data:www-data</strong> on Apache systems and <strong>nginx:nginx</strong> for
-    a Docker based Islandora installation. The default value is normally fine, but check with your systems administrator
-    if you are unsure. 
+    a Docker based Islandora installation. The default value is normally fine, but confirm with your systems administrator
+    if you are unsure. <em>n.b</em>. If your installation only uses one file system this choice is irrelevant.
 </p>";
     return [
       '#type' => 'markup',
diff --git a/src/Form/CreateMediaFromFileForm.php b/src/Form/CreateMediaFromFileForm.php
index 54932bf..e6c8013 100644
--- a/src/Form/CreateMediaFromFileForm.php
+++ b/src/Form/CreateMediaFromFileForm.php
@@ -41,6 +41,19 @@ final class CreateMediaFromFileForm extends FormBase {
 
   protected $streamWrapperManager;
 
+  /**
+   * Media field mapping.
+   *
+   * @var array
+   */
+  protected $fileTypes = [
+    'audio' => 'field_media_audio_file',
+    'document' => 'field_media_document',
+    'file' => 'field_media_file',
+    'image' => 'field_media_image',
+    'video' => 'field_media_video_file',
+  ];
+
   /**
    * {@inheritdoc}
    */
@@ -74,8 +87,8 @@ final class CreateMediaFromFileForm extends FormBase {
   public function buildForm(array $form, FormStateInterface $form_state): array {
     $server_software = $_SERVER['SERVER_SOFTWARE'] ?? '';
     $default_ownership = match (TRUE) {
-      stripos($server_software, 'apache') !== FALSE => 'www-data:www-data',
-      stripos($server_software, 'nginx') !== FALSE => 'nginx:nginx',
+      str_contains($server_software, 'apache') => 'www-data:www-data',
+      str_contains($server_software, 'nginx') => 'nginx:nginx',
       default => 'unknown:unknown',
     };
 
@@ -89,8 +102,7 @@ final class CreateMediaFromFileForm extends FormBase {
         $term_default = $term->tid;
       }
     }
-    $wrappers = $this->streamWrapperManager->getWrappers();
-    $file_system_options = [];
+
     $wrappers = $this->streamWrapperManager->getWrappers();
     $file_system_options = [];
     $file_system_options['default'] = $this->t("File system defined in media type");
@@ -100,11 +112,9 @@ final class CreateMediaFromFileForm extends FormBase {
       if (in_array($scheme, $unwanted)) {
         continue;
       }
+
       $class = $wrapper_info['class'];
-      if (
-        is_a($class, StreamWrapperInterface::class, TRUE) &&
-        class_exists($class)
-      ) {
+      if (is_a($class, StreamWrapperInterface::class, TRUE) && class_exists($class)) {
         $instance = new $class();
         $instance->setUri($scheme . '://');
         $file_system_options[$scheme] = $instance->getName() ?: $scheme;
@@ -161,6 +171,9 @@ final class CreateMediaFromFileForm extends FormBase {
       '#required' => TRUE,
       '#default_value' => 'default',
     ];
+    if (count($file_system_options) <= 1) {
+      $form['file_system']['#attributes']['style'] = 'display: none;';
+    }
     $form['field_wrapper'] = [
       '#type' => 'container',
       '#attributes' => ['class' => ['media-fields-wrapper']],
@@ -212,17 +225,21 @@ final class CreateMediaFromFileForm extends FormBase {
    * {@inheritdoc}
    */
   public function validateForm(array &$form, FormStateInterface $form_state): void {
-    $file_system = $form_state->getValue('file_system') . "://";
-    $source_directory = $form_state->getValue('in_place') ? $file_system . $form_state->getValue('destination') : $form_state->getValue('source');
+    $file_system = $this->getFilesystem($form_state);
+    $source_directory = rtrim($form_state->getValue('in_place') ? $file_system . $form_state->getValue('destination') : $form_state->getValue('source'), '/');
+
     if (!is_dir($source_directory)) {
-      $form_state->setErrorByName('source', $this->t('The specified directory does not exist.'));
-    }
-    if (is_dir($source_directory)) {
-      $files = scandir($source_directory);
-      $files = array_diff($files, ['.', '..']);
-      if (!$files) {
-        $form_state->setErrorByName('source', $this->t('The specified directory is empty.'));
+      if (str_starts_with($file_system, 'fedora')) {
+        $form_state->setErrorByName('source', $this->t('The fedora file system is not suitable for preloading files.'));
+      }
+      else {
+        $form_state->setErrorByName('source', $this->t('The specified directory does not exist.'));
       }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (empty(array_diff(scandir($source_directory), ['.', '..']))) {
+      $form_state->setErrorByName('source', $this->t('The specified directory is empty.'));
     }
   }
 
@@ -230,35 +247,15 @@ final class CreateMediaFromFileForm extends FormBase {
    * {@inheritdoc}
    */
   public function submitForm(array &$form, FormStateInterface $form_state): void {
-    $file_types = [
-      'audio' => 'field_media_audio_file',
-      'document' => 'field_media_document',
-      'file' => 'field_media_file',
-      'image' => 'field_media_image',
-      'video' => 'field_media_video_file',
-    ];
+    $file_system = $this->getFilesystem($form_state);
     $media_type = $form_state->getValue('media_type');
-    $file_type = $file_types[$media_type];
-
-    if ($form_state->getValue('file_system') == 'default') {
-      $field_config = FieldConfig::loadByName('media', $media_type, $file_type);
-      if ($field_config) {
-        $settings = $field_config->getSettings();
-        $scheme = $settings['uri_scheme'] ?? 'public';
-        $file_system = $scheme . "://";
-      }
-    }
-    else {
-      $file_system = $form_state->getValue('file_system') . "://";
-    }
-
     $destination = trim($form_state->getValue('destination'), '/');
 
     $build_data = [
       'source_dir' => $form_state->getValue('in_place') ? $file_system . $destination : $form_state->getValue('source'),
       'destination_path' => "{$file_system}{$destination}",
-      'media_type' => $media_type,
-      'file_type' => $file_type,
+      'media_type' => $form_state->getValue('media_type'),
+      'file_type' => $this->fileTypes[$media_type],
       'media_use' => $form_state->getValue('media_use'),
       'ownership' => $form_state->getValue('ownership'),
     ];
@@ -278,4 +275,26 @@ final class CreateMediaFromFileForm extends FormBase {
     $form_state->setRedirect('<front>');
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Gets default filesystem for media type.
+   */
+  protected function getFilesystem($form_state) {
+    $media_type = $form_state->getValue('media_type');
+    $file_type = $this->fileTypes[$media_type];
+
+    if ($form_state->getValue('file_system') == 'default') {
+      $field_config = FieldConfig::loadByName('media', $media_type, $file_type);
+      if ($field_config) {
+        $settings = $field_config->getSettings();
+        $scheme = $settings['uri_scheme'] ?? 'public';
+        $file_system = $scheme . "://";
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      $file_system = $form_state->getValue('file_system') . "://";
+    }
+    return $file_system;
+
+  }
+
 }
diff --git a/src/Utils.php b/src/Utils.php
index 70cc118..eb60fee 100644
--- a/src/Utils.php
+++ b/src/Utils.php
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ namespace Drupal\islandora_inplace_media;
 use Drupal\Core\File\FileSystemInterface;
 use Drupal\file\Entity\File;
 use Drupal\media\Entity\Media;
+use Drupal\Core\File\FileExists;
 
 /**
  * Utility class for managing media file operations in Islandora.
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ class Utils {
       $path = $destination_path;
     }
     else {
-      $path = $fileSystem->copy($source_path, $destination_path, FileSystemInterface::EXISTS_RENAME);
+      $path = $fileSystem->copy($source_path, $destination_path, FileExists::Rename);
     }
     $file = \Drupal::service('file.repository')->loadByUri($path);
     if (!$file) {
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ class Utils {
     $destination = $build_data['destination_path'];
     $fileSystem = \Drupal::service('file_system');
     $fileSystem->prepareDirectory($destination, FileSystemInterface::CREATE_DIRECTORY);
+    chown($destination, $build_data['ownership']);
 
     $files = scandir($source_dir);
     $files = array_diff($files, ['.', '..']);