diff --git a/css/form-styles.css b/css/form-styles.css
index f440e47..47c5af4 100644
--- a/css/form-styles.css
+++ b/css/form-styles.css
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-/* Use Flexbox to align form fields side by side */
 .media-fields-wrapper {
   display: flex;
-  gap: 20px; /* Space between elements */
-  align-items: center;
+  gap: 20px;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  /* Optional, improves mobile responsiveness */
 }
 
-/* Ensure each field takes up equal space */
-.media-side-by-side {
-  flex: 1;
-  min-width: 200px; /* Prevents elements from getting too small */
+.media-field-container {
+  width: 250px;
+  flex: 0 0 auto;
 }
 
diff --git a/islandora_inplace_media.routing.yml b/islandora_inplace_media.routing.yml
index b41c873..f0995d3 100644
--- a/islandora_inplace_media.routing.yml
+++ b/islandora_inplace_media.routing.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,17 @@
 islandora_inplace_media.create_media_from_file:
   path: '/islandora-inplace-media/create-media-from-file'
   defaults:
-    _title: 'Create Media From File'
+    _title: 'Create Media From Files'
     _form: 'Drupal\islandora_inplace_media\Form\CreateMediaFromFileForm'
   requirements:
     _permission: 'access content'
+
+islandora_inplace_media.instructions_modal:
+  path: '/instructions-modal'
+  defaults:
+    _controller: '\Drupal\islandora_inplace_media\Controller\InstructionsController::modal'
+    _title: 'Instructions'
+  requirements:
+    _permission: 'access content'
+  options:
+    _format: 'html'
diff --git a/src/Controller/InstructionsController.php b/src/Controller/InstructionsController.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b75480
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Controller/InstructionsController.php
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Drupal\islandora_inplace_media\Controller;
+
+use Drupal\Core\Controller\ControllerBase;
+
+/**
+ *
+ */
+class InstructionsController extends ControllerBase {
+
+  /**
+   *
+   */
+  public function modal() {
+    $html = "
+<p>Upload your files to the server. If the files use the naming convention of {nid}_filename the created media will be
+    associated with the node identified by that nid. If not, the media will still be created, but will have to be associated 
+    manually to a node through the UI.
+</p>
+<p> If <strong><em>Already in place</em></strong> is selected, files in the destination folder will become Drupal managed files,
+    and those files will be used to build the media. This is the fastest and most efficient way to ingest very large files. </p>
+<p>The source directory holds files to be ingested. The source directory must be identified by the full 
+  server path e.g. <strong><em>/var/www/upload_folder</em></strong>.
+</p>
+<p>The destination directory is within the Drupal file system. The path is relative, and the folder will be created if
+    it does not already exist.</p>
+<p> The file storage system is defined within the Media Types definitions. The uploaded files will be stored
+    in the default directory unless another file system is selected.
+<p>
+<p>File ownership is normally <strong>www-data:www-data</strong> on Apache systems and <strong>nginx:nginx</strong> for
+    a Docker based Islandora installation. The default value is normally fine, but check with your systems administrator
+    if you are unsure. 
+</p>";
+    return [
+      '#type' => 'markup',
+      '#markup' => $html,
+      '#attached' => [
+        'library' => [
+          'core/drupal.dialog',
+        ],
+      ],
+    ];
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/Form/CreateMediaFromFileForm.php b/src/Form/CreateMediaFromFileForm.php
index 66435e6..54932bf 100644
--- a/src/Form/CreateMediaFromFileForm.php
+++ b/src/Form/CreateMediaFromFileForm.php
@@ -4,11 +4,15 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Drupal\islandora_inplace_media\Form;
 
+use Drupal\Core\StreamWrapper\StreamWrapperInterface;
 use Drupal\Core\Form\FormBase;
 use Drupal\Core\Form\FormStateInterface;
 use Drupal\islandora_inplace_media\Utils;
 use Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityTypeManagerInterface;
 use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerInterface;
+use Drupal\Core\Url;
+use Drupal\Core\StreamWrapper\StreamWrapperManagerInterface;
+use Drupal\field\Entity\FieldConfig;
 
 /**
  * Provides an Islandora Inplace Media form.
@@ -29,12 +33,21 @@ final class CreateMediaFromFileForm extends FormBase {
    */
   protected $entityTypeManager;
 
+  /**
+   * The stream wrapper service.
+   *
+   * @var \Drupal\Core\StreamWrapper\StreamWrapperManagerInterface
+   */
+
+  protected $streamWrapperManager;
+
   /**
    * {@inheritdoc}
    */
-  public function __construct(Utils $mediaUtils, EntityTypeManagerInterface $entityTypeManager) {
+  public function __construct(Utils $mediaUtils, EntityTypeManagerInterface $entityTypeManager, StreamWrapperManagerInterface $streamWrapperManager) {
     $this->mediaUtils = $mediaUtils;
     $this->entityTypeManager = $entityTypeManager;
+    $this->streamWrapperManager = $streamWrapperManager;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -43,7 +56,8 @@ final class CreateMediaFromFileForm extends FormBase {
   public static function create(ContainerInterface $container): self {
     return new self(
       $container->get('islandora_inplace_media.utils'),
-      $container->get('entity_type.manager')
+      $container->get('entity_type.manager'),
+      $container->get('stream_wrapper_manager')
     );
   }
 
@@ -58,6 +72,13 @@ final class CreateMediaFromFileForm extends FormBase {
    * {@inheritdoc}
    */
   public function buildForm(array $form, FormStateInterface $form_state): array {
+    $server_software = $_SERVER['SERVER_SOFTWARE'] ?? '';
+    $default_ownership = match (TRUE) {
+      stripos($server_software, 'apache') !== FALSE => 'www-data:www-data',
+      stripos($server_software, 'nginx') !== FALSE => 'nginx:nginx',
+      default => 'unknown:unknown',
+    };
+
     $vid = 'islandora_media_use';
     $terms = $this->entityTypeManager->getStorage('taxonomy_term')->loadTree($vid);
     $media_use_options = [];
@@ -68,46 +89,112 @@ final class CreateMediaFromFileForm extends FormBase {
         $term_default = $term->tid;
       }
     }
+    $wrappers = $this->streamWrapperManager->getWrappers();
+    $file_system_options = [];
+    $wrappers = $this->streamWrapperManager->getWrappers();
+    $file_system_options = [];
+    $file_system_options['default'] = $this->t("File system defined in media type");
+
+    $unwanted = ['temporary', 'assets'];
+    foreach ($wrappers as $scheme => $wrapper_info) {
+      if (in_array($scheme, $unwanted)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      $class = $wrapper_info['class'];
+      if (
+        is_a($class, StreamWrapperInterface::class, TRUE) &&
+        class_exists($class)
+      ) {
+        $instance = new $class();
+        $instance->setUri($scheme . '://');
+        $file_system_options[$scheme] = $instance->getName() ?: $scheme;
+      }
+    }
 
     $media_types = $this->entityTypeManager->getStorage('media_type')->loadMultiple();
     $types = array_map(fn($media_type) => $media_type->label(), $media_types);
+    $form['instructions'] = [
+      '#type' => 'link',
+      '#title' => $this->t('View Instructions'),
+      '#url' => Url::fromRoute('islandora_inplace_media.instructions_modal'),
+      '#attributes' => [
+        'class' => ['use-ajax', 'button', 'button--small'],
+        'data-dialog-type' => 'modal',
+        'data-dialog-options' => json_encode([
+          'width' => 700,
+        ]),
+      ],
+      '#attached' => [
+        'library' => [
+          'core/drupal.dialog.ajax',
+        ],
+      ],
+    ];
+    $form['in_place'] = [
+      '#type' => 'checkbox',
+      '#title' => $this->t('Already in place?'),
+      '#description' => $this->t("Check this box if files are already in the file system directory."),
+    ];
+
     $form['source'] = [
       '#type' => 'textfield',
-      '#title' => $this->t('Enter full file path to input directory'),
-      '#required' => TRUE,
+      '#title' => $this->t('Enter the full file path to the input directory'),
+      '#states' => [
+        'visible' => [
+          ':input[name="in_place"]' => ['checked' => FALSE],
+        ],
+        'required' => [
+          ':input[name="in_place"]' => ['checked' => FALSE],
+        ],
+      ],
     ];
-    $form['directory'] = [
+
+    $form['destination'] = [
       '#type' => 'textfield',
-      '#title' => $this->t('Enter the destination directory'),
+      '#title' => $this->t('Enter the directory on the file system'),
       '#required' => TRUE,
     ];
-    $form['destination'] = [
+    $form['file_system'] = [
       '#type' => 'radios',
-      '#options' => [
-        'public' => $this->t('Public'),
-        'private' => $this->t('Private'),
-      ],
+      '#options' => $file_system_options,
       '#title' => $this->t('Select file system'),
       '#required' => TRUE,
-      '#default_value' => 'public',
+      '#default_value' => 'default',
     ];
     $form['field_wrapper'] = [
       '#type' => 'container',
       '#attributes' => ['class' => ['media-fields-wrapper']],
     ];
-    $form['field_wrapper']['media_type'] = [
+    $form['field_wrapper']['media_type_wrapper'] = [
+      '#type' => 'container',
+      '#attributes' => ['class' => ['media-field-container']],
+    ];
+    $form['field_wrapper']['media_type_wrapper']['media_type'] = [
       '#title' => $this->t("Media type."),
       '#type' => 'select',
       '#options' => $types,
       '#attributes' => ['class' => ['media-side-by-side']],
     ];
-    $form['field_wrapper']['media_use'] = [
+    $form['field_wrapper']['media_use_wrapper'] = [
+      '#type' => 'container',
+      '#attributes' => ['class' => ['media-field-container']],
+    ];
+    $form['field_wrapper']['media_use_wrapper']['media_use'] = [
       '#title' => $this->t("Media use."),
       '#type' => 'select',
       '#options' => $media_use_options,
       '#default_value' => $term_default,
       '#attributes' => ['class' => ['media-side-by-side']],
     ];
+    $form['field_wrapper']['ownership_wrapper'] = [
+      '#type' => 'container',
+      '#attributes' => ['class' => ['media-field-container']],
+    ];
+    $form['field_wrapper']['ownership_wrapper']['ownership'] = [
+      '#type' => 'textfield',
+      '#title' => $this->t('File ownership'),
+      '#default_value' => $default_ownership,
+    ];
 
     $form['actions'] = [
       '#type' => 'actions',
@@ -125,29 +212,69 @@ final class CreateMediaFromFileForm extends FormBase {
    * {@inheritdoc}
    */
   public function validateForm(array &$form, FormStateInterface $form_state): void {
-    $source_path = $form_state->getValue('source');
-
-    if (!is_dir($source_path)) {
+    $file_system = $form_state->getValue('file_system') . "://";
+    $source_directory = $form_state->getValue('in_place') ? $file_system . $form_state->getValue('destination') : $form_state->getValue('source');
+    if (!is_dir($source_directory)) {
       $form_state->setErrorByName('source', $this->t('The specified directory does not exist.'));
     }
+    if (is_dir($source_directory)) {
+      $files = scandir($source_directory);
+      $files = array_diff($files, ['.', '..']);
+      if (!$files) {
+        $form_state->setErrorByName('source', $this->t('The specified directory is empty.'));
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   /**
    * {@inheritdoc}
    */
   public function submitForm(array &$form, FormStateInterface $form_state): void {
-    $source_path = $form_state->getValue('source');
-    $directory = trim($form_state->getValue('directory'), '/');
-    $file_system = $form_state->getValue('destination') === 'public' ? 'public://' : 'private://';
-    $destination = "{$file_system}{$directory}";
+    $file_types = [
+      'audio' => 'field_media_audio_file',
+      'document' => 'field_media_document',
+      'file' => 'field_media_file',
+      'image' => 'field_media_image',
+      'video' => 'field_media_video_file',
+    ];
     $media_type = $form_state->getValue('media_type');
-    $media_use = $form_state->getValue('media_use');
-    $this->mediaUtils->buildMediaBatch($source_path, $destination, $media_type, $media_use);
-    $this->messenger()->addStatus($this->t('Media files have been processed from %source to %destination.', [
-      '%source' => $source_path,
-      '%destination' => $destination,
-    ]));
+    $file_type = $file_types[$media_type];
+
+    if ($form_state->getValue('file_system') == 'default') {
+      $field_config = FieldConfig::loadByName('media', $media_type, $file_type);
+      if ($field_config) {
+        $settings = $field_config->getSettings();
+        $scheme = $settings['uri_scheme'] ?? 'public';
+        $file_system = $scheme . "://";
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      $file_system = $form_state->getValue('file_system') . "://";
+    }
+
+    $destination = trim($form_state->getValue('destination'), '/');
 
+    $build_data = [
+      'source_dir' => $form_state->getValue('in_place') ? $file_system . $destination : $form_state->getValue('source'),
+      'destination_path' => "{$file_system}{$destination}",
+      'media_type' => $media_type,
+      'file_type' => $file_type,
+      'media_use' => $form_state->getValue('media_use'),
+      'ownership' => $form_state->getValue('ownership'),
+    ];
+    $this->mediaUtils->buildMediaBatch($build_data);
+    if ($form_state->getValue('in_place')) {
+      $status = $this->t('Media files in %destination have been processed', [
+        '%destination' => $destination,
+      ]);
+    }
+    else {
+      $status = $this->t('Media files have been processed from %source to %destination.', [
+        '%source' => $build_data['source_dir'],
+        '%destination' => $build_data['destination_path'],
+      ]);
+    }
+    $this->messenger()->addStatus($status);
     $form_state->setRedirect('<front>');
   }
 
diff --git a/src/Utils.php b/src/Utils.php
index 1dcae55..70cc118 100644
--- a/src/Utils.php
+++ b/src/Utils.php
@@ -16,75 +16,76 @@ class Utils {
   /**
    * Processes individual file.
    */
-  public static function processMediaBatch($file_name, $dir, $dest, $media_type, $media_use_tid, &$context) {
+  public static function processMediaBatch($file_name, $build_data, &$context) {
     if (!isset($context['results'])) {
       $context['results'] = [];
     }
-    $file_types = [
-      'audio' => 'field_media_audio_file',
-      'document' => 'field_media_document',
-      'file' => 'field_media_file',
-      'image' => 'field_media_image',
-      'video' => 'field_media_video_file',
-    ];
-    $file_type = $file_types[$media_type] ?? 'field_media_file';
-
+    $media_type = $build_data['media_type'];
+    $file_type = $build_data['file_type'] ?? 'field_media_file';
     $logger = \Drupal::logger('islandora_inplace_media');
     $fileSystem = \Drupal::service('file_system');
-
-    $source_path = $dir . '/' . $file_name;
-    $destination_path = $dest . '/' . $file_name;
+    $source_path = $build_data['source_dir'] . '/' . $file_name;
+    $destination_path = $build_data['destination_path'] . '/' . $file_name;
 
     if (!\file_exists($source_path)) {
       $logger->warning('File does not exist: @file', ['@file' => $source_path]);
       return;
     }
+    if ($source_path === $destination_path) {
+      $path = $destination_path;
+    }
+    else {
+      $path = $fileSystem->copy($source_path, $destination_path, FileSystemInterface::EXISTS_RENAME);
+    }
+    $file = \Drupal::service('file.repository')->loadByUri($path);
+    if (!$file) {
+      $absolute_path = $fileSystem->realpath($destination_path);
+      if ($absolute_path) {
+        chown($absolute_path, $build_data['ownership']);
+      }
+
+      $file = File::create([
+        'uri' => $path,
+        'status' => 1,
+      ]);
+      $file->save();
+    }
 
-    $moved_file = $fileSystem->move($source_path, $destination_path, FileSystemInterface::EXISTS_RENAME);
-    $absolute_path = $fileSystem->realpath($destination_path);
-    chown($absolute_path, 'www-data');
-    chgrp($absolute_path, 'lib-dev');
-    $new_file = File::create([
-      'uri' => $moved_file,
-      'status' => 1,
-    ]);
-    $new_file->save();
-    $context['results'][$new_file->id()] = $moved_file;
+    $context['results'][$file->id()] = $path;
 
     if (preg_match('/^(\d+)_/', $file_name, $matches)) {
       $nid = $matches[1] ?? NULL;
     }
 
-    if ($nid) {
-      $media = Media::create([
-        "bundle" => $media_type,
-        "name" => $file_name,
-        $file_type => [
-          "target_id" => $new_file->id(),
-        ],
-        'field_media_use' => [
-          "target_id" => $media_use_tid,
-        ],
-        "field_media_of" => $nid,
-      ]);
-      $media->save();
-    }
+    $media = Media::create([
+      "bundle" => $media_type,
+      "name" => $file_name,
+      $file_type => [
+        "target_id" => $file->id(),
+      ],
+      'field_media_use' => [
+        "target_id" => $build_data['media_use'],
+      ],
+      "field_media_of" => $nid,
+    ]);
+    $media->save();
+
   }
 
   /**
    * Builds batch from input directory.
    */
-  public static function buildMediaBatch(string $dir, string $dest, string $media_type, string $media_use_tid) {
-    if (!is_dir($dir)) {
-      \Drupal::logger('islandora_inplace_media')->error('Source directory does not exist: @dir', ['@dir' => $dir]);
+  public static function buildMediaBatch($build_data) {
+    $source_dir = $build_data['source_dir'];
+    if ($source_dir && !is_dir($source_dir)) {
+      \Drupal::logger('islandora_inplace_media')->error('Source directory does not exist: @dir', ['@dir' => $source_dir]);
       return;
     }
-
-    // Use a service within the function, not in the batch context.
+    $destination = $build_data['destination_path'];
     $fileSystem = \Drupal::service('file_system');
-    $fileSystem->prepareDirectory($dest, FileSystemInterface::CREATE_DIRECTORY);
+    $fileSystem->prepareDirectory($destination, FileSystemInterface::CREATE_DIRECTORY);
 
-    $files = scandir($dir);
+    $files = scandir($source_dir);
     $files = array_diff($files, ['.', '..']);
 
     $batch = [
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ class Utils {
     foreach ($files as $file_name) {
       $batch['operations'][] = [
         [self::class, 'processMediaBatch'],
-        [$file_name, $dir, $dest, $media_type, $media_use_tid],
+        [$file_name, $build_data],
       ];
     }