MARC Code List for Relators <div class="relatorsAbout" title="About the Relator Codes:" datatype="rdf:XMLLiteral" property="rdfs:comment">Relator terms and their associated codes designate the relationship between a name and a bibliographic resource. The relator codes are three-character lowercase alphabetic strings that serve as identifiers. Either the term or the code may be used as controlled values.</div> Actor act Use for a person or organization who principally exhibits acting skills in a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment. stable Adapter adp Use for a person or organization who 1) reworks a musical composition, usually for a different medium, or 2) rewrites novels or stories for motion pictures or other audiovisual medium. stable Analyst anl Use for a person or organization that reviews, examines and interprets data or information in a specific area. stable Animator anm Use for a person or organization who draws the two-dimensional figures, manipulates the three dimensional objects and/or also programs the computer to move objects and images for the purpose of animated film processing. Animation cameras, stands, celluloid screens, transparencies and inks are some of the tools of the animator. stable Annotator ann Use for a person who writes manuscript annotations on a printed item. stable Applicant app Use for a person or organization responsible for the submission of an application or who is named as eligible for the results of the processing of the application (e.g., bestowing of rights, reward, title, position). stable Architect arc Use for a person or organization who designs structures or oversees their construction. stable Arranger arr Use for a person or organization who transcribes a musical composition, usually for a different medium from that of the original; in an arrangement the musical substance remains essentially unchanged. stable Art copyist acp Use for a person (e.g., a painter or sculptor) who makes copies of works of visual art. stable Artist art Use for a person (e.g., a painter) or organization who conceives, and perhaps also implements, an original graphic design or work of art, if specific codes (e.g., [egr], [etr]) are not desired. For book illustrators, prefer Illustrator [ill]. stable Graphic technician Relator term "Graphic technician" (coded [grt]) used before March 1988 only. Artistic director ard Use for a person responsible for controlling the development of the artistic style of an entire production, including the choice of works to be presented and selection of senior production staff. stable Assignee asg Use for a person or organization to whom a license for printing or publishing has been transferred. stable Associated name asn Use for a person or organization associated with or found in an item or collection, which cannot be determined to be that of a Former owner [fmo] or other designated relator indicative of provenance. stable Attributed name att Use for an author, artist, etc., relating him/her to a work for which there is or once was substantial authority for designating that person as author, creator, etc. of the work. stable Supposed name Auctioneer auc Use for a person or organization in charge of the estimation and public auctioning of goods, particularly books, artistic works, etc. stable Author aut Use for a person or organization chiefly responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a work, usually printed text. This term may also be used when more than one person or body bears such responsibility. stable Joint author Author in quotations or text extracts aqt Use for a person or organization whose work is largely quoted or extracted in works to which he or she did not contribute directly. Such quotations are found particularly in exhibition catalogs, collections of photographs, etc. stable Author of afterword, colophon, etc. aft Use for a person or organization responsible for an afterword, postface, colophon, etc. but who is not the chief author of a work. stable Author of dialog aud Use for a person or organization responsible for the dialog or spoken commentary for a screenplay or sound recording. stable Author of introduction, etc. aui Use for a person or organization responsible for an introduction, preface, foreword, or other critical introductory matter, but who is not the chief author. stable Author of screenplay, etc. aus Use for a person or organization responsible for a motion picture screenplay, dialog, spoken commentary, etc. stable Bibliographic antecedent ant Use for a person or organization responsible for a work upon which the work represented by the catalog record is based. This may be appropriate for adaptations, sequels, continuations, indexes, etc. stable Binder bnd Use for a person or organization responsible for the binding of printed or manuscript materials. stable Binding designer bdd Use for a person or organization responsible for the binding design of a book, including the type of binding, the type of materials used, and any decorative aspects of the binding. stable Designer of binding Blurb writer blw Use for the named entity responsible for writing a commendation or testimonial for a work, which appears on or within the publication itself, frequently on the back or dust jacket of print publications or on advertising material for all media. stable Book designer bkd Use for a person or organization responsible for the entire graphic design of a book, including arrangement of type and illustration, choice of materials, and process used. stable Designer of book Book producer bkp Use for a person or organization responsible for the production of books and other print media, if specific codes (e.g., [bkd], [egr], [tyd], [prt]) are not desired. stable Producer of book Bookjacket designer bjd Use for a person or organization responsible for the design of flexible covers designed for or published with a book, including the type of materials used, and any decorative aspects of the bookjacket. stable Designer of bookjacket Bookplate designer bpd Use for a person or organization responsible for the design of a book owner's identification label that is most commonly pasted to the inside front cover of a book. stable Designer of bookplate Bookseller bsl Use for a person or organization who makes books and other bibliographic materials available for purchase. Interest in the materials is primarily lucrative. stable Calligrapher cll Use for a person or organization who writes in an artistic hand, usually as a copyist and or engrosser. stable Cartographer ctg Use for a person or organization responsible for the creation of maps and other cartographic materials. stable Censor cns Use for a censor, bowdlerizer, expurgator, etc., official or private. stable Bowdlerizer Expurgator Choreographer chr Use for a person or organization who composes or arranges dances or other movements (e.g., "master of swords") for a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment. stable Cinematographer cng Use for a person or organization who is in charge of the images captured for a motion picture film. The cinematographer works under the supervision of a director, and may also be referred to as director of photography. Do not confuse with videographer. stable Client cli Use for a person or organization for whom another person or organization is acting. stable Collaborator clb Use for a person or organization that takes a limited part in the elaboration of a work of another person or organization that brings complements (e.g., appendices, notes) to the work. stable Collector col Use for a person or organization who has brought together material from various sources that has been arranged, described, and cataloged as a collection. A collector is neither the creator of the material nor a person to whom manuscripts in the collection may have been addressed. stable Collotyper clt Use for a person or organization responsible for the production of photographic prints from film or other colloid that has ink-receptive and ink-repellent surfaces. stable Colorist clr Use for the named entity responsible for applying color to drawings, prints, photographs, maps, moving images, etc. stable Commentator cmm Use for a person or organization who provides interpretation, analysis, or a discussion of the subject matter on a recording, motion picture, or other audiovisual medium. stable Commentator for written text cwt Use for a person or organization responsible for the commentary or explanatory notes about a text. For the writer of manuscript annotations in a printed book, use Annotator [ann]. stable Compiler com Use for a person or organization who produces a work or publication by selecting and putting together material from the works of various persons or bodies. stable Complainant cpl Use for the party who applies to the courts for redress, usually in an equity proceeding. stable Complainant-appellant cpt Use for a complainant who takes an appeal from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in an equity proceeding. stable Complainant-appellee cpe Use for a complainant against whom an appeal is taken from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in an equity proceeding. stable Composer cmp Use for a person or organization who creates a musical work, usually a piece of music in manuscript or printed form. stable Compositor cmt Use for a person or organization responsible for the creation of metal slug, or molds made of other materials, used to produce the text and images in printed matter. stable Typesetter Conceptor ccp Use for a person or organization responsible for the original idea on which a work is based, this includes the scientific author of an audio-visual item and the conceptor of an advertisement. stable Conductor cnd Use for a person who directs a performing group (orchestra, chorus, opera, etc.) in a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment. stable Conservator con Use for the named entity responsible for documenting, preserving, or treating printed or manuscript material, works of art, artifacts, or other media. stable Preservationist Consultant csl Use for a person or organization relevant to a resource, who is called upon for professional advice or services in a specialized field of knowledge or training. stable Consultant to a project csp Use for a person or organization relevant to a resource, who is engaged specifically to provide an intellectual overview of a strategic or operational task and by analysis, specification, or instruction, to create or propose a cost-effective course of action or solution. stable Contestant cos Use for the party who opposes, resists, or disputes, in a court of law, a claim, decision, result, etc. stable Contestant-appellant cot Use for a contestant who takes an appeal from one court of law or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment. stable Contestant-appellee coe Use for a contestant against whom an appeal is taken from one court of law or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment. stable Contestee cts Use for the party defending a claim, decision, result, etc. being opposed, resisted, or disputed in a court of law. stable Contestee-appellant ctt Use for a contestee who takes an appeal from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment. stable Contestee-appellee cte Use for a contestee against whom an appeal is taken from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment. stable Contractor ctr Use for a person or organization relevant to a resource, who enters into a contract with another person or organization to perform a specific task. stable Contributor ctb Use for a person or organization one whose work has been contributed to a larger work, such as an anthology, serial publication, or other compilation of individual works. Do not use if the sole function in relation to a work is as author, editor, compiler or translator. stable Copyright claimant cpc Use for a person or organization listed as a copyright owner at the time of registration. Copyright can be granted or later transferred to another person or organization, at which time the claimant becomes the copyright holder. stable Copyright holder cph Use for a person or organization to whom copy and legal rights have been granted or transferred for the intellectual content of a work. The copyright holder, although not necessarily the creator of the work, usually has the exclusive right to benefit financially from the sale and use of the work to which the associated copyright protection applies. stable Corrector crr Use for a person or organization who is a corrector of manuscripts, such as the scriptorium official who corrected the work of a scribe. For printed matter, use Proofreader [pfr]. stable Correspondent crp Use for a person or organization who was either the writer or recipient of a letter or other communication. stable Costume designer cst Use for a person or organization who designs or makes costumes, fixes hair, etc., for a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment. stable Cover designer cov Use for a person or organization responsible for the graphic design of a book cover, album cover, slipcase, box, container, etc. For a person or organization responsible for the graphic design of an entire book, use Book designer; for book jackets, use Bookjacket designer. stable Designer of cover Creator cre Use for a person or organization responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a work. stable Curator of an exhibition cur Use for a person or organization responsible for conceiving and organizing an exhibition. stable Dancer dnc Use for a person or organization who principally exhibits dancing skills in a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment. stable Data contributor dtc Use for a person or organization that submits data for inclusion in a database or other collection of data. stable Data manager dtm Use for a person or organization responsible for managing databases or other data sources. stable Dedicatee dte Use for a person or organization to whom a book, manuscript, etc., is dedicated (not the recipient of a gift). stable Dedicator dto Use for the author of a dedication, which may be a formal statement or in epistolary or verse form. stable Defendant dfd Use for the party defending or denying allegations made in a suit and against whom relief or recovery is sought in the courts, usually in a legal action. stable Defendant-appellant dft Use for a defendant who takes an appeal from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in a legal action. stable Defendant-appellee dfe Use for a defendant against whom an appeal is taken from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in a legal action. stable Degree grantor dgg Use for the organization granting a degree for which the thesis or dissertation described was presented. stable Delineator dln Use for a person or organization executing technical drawings from others' designs. stable Depicted dpc Use for an entity depicted or portrayed in a work, particularly in a work of art. stable Depositor dpt Use for a person or organization placing material in the physical custody of a library or repository without transferring the legal title. stable Designer dsr Use for a person or organization responsible for the design if more specific codes (e.g., [bkd], [tyd]) are not desired. stable Director drt Use for a person or organization who is responsible for the general management of a work or who supervises the production of a performance for stage, screen, or sound recording. stable Dissertant dis Use for a person who presents a thesis for a university or higher-level educational degree. stable Distribution place dbp Use for the name of a place from which a resource, e.g., a serial, is distributed. stable Distributor dst Use for a person or organization that has exclusive or shared marketing rights for an item. stable Donor dnr Use for a person or organization who is the donor of a book, manuscript, etc., to its present owner. Donors to previous owners are designated as Former owner[fmo] or Inscriber [ins]. stable Draftsman drm Use for a person or organization who prepares artistic or technical drawings. stable Technical draftsman Dubious author dub Use for a person or organization to which authorship has been dubiously or incorrectly ascribed. stable Editor edt Use for a person or organization who prepares for publication a work not primarily his/her own, such as by elucidating text, adding introductory or other critical matter, or technically directing an editorial staff. stable Electrician elg Use for a person responsible for setting up a lighting rig and focusing the lights for a production, and running the lighting at a performance. stable Chief electrician House electrician Master electrician Electrotyper elt Use for a person or organization who creates a duplicate printing surface by pressure molding and electrodepositing of metal that is then backed up with lead for printing. stable Engineer eng Use for a person or organization that is responsible for technical planning and design, particularly with construction. stable Engraver egr Use for a person or organization who cuts letters, figures, etc. on a surface, such as a wooden or metal plate, for printing. stable Etcher etr Use for a person or organization who produces text or images for printing by subjecting metal, glass, or some other surface to acid or the corrosive action of some other substance. stable Event place evp Use for the name of the place where an event such as a conference or a concert took place. stable Expert exp Use for a person or organization in charge of the description and appraisal of the value of goods, particularly rare items, works of art, etc. stable Appraiser Facsimilist fac Use for a person or organization that executed the facsimile. stable Copier Field director fld Use for a person or organization that manages or supervises the work done to collect raw data or do research in an actual setting or environment (typically applies to the natural and social sciences). stable Film editor flm Use for a person or organization who is an editor of a motion picture film. This term is used regardless of the medium upon which the motion picture is produced or manufactured (e.g., acetate film, video tape). stable Motion picture editor First party fpy Use for a person or organization who is identified as the only party or the party of the first part. In the case of transfer of right, this is the assignor, transferor, licensor, grantor, etc. Multiple parties can be named jointly as the first party stable Forger frg Use for a person or organization who makes or imitates something of value or importance, especially with the intent to defraud. stable Copier Counterfeiter Former owner fmo Use for a person or organization who owned an item at any time in the past. Includes those to whom the material was once presented. A person or organization giving the item to the present owner is designated as Donor [dnr]. stable Funder fnd Use for a person or organization that furnished financial support for the production of the work. stable Geographic information specialist gis Use for a person responsible for geographic information system (GIS) development and integration with global positioning system data.. stable Geospatial information specialist Honoree hnr Use for a person or organization in memory or honor of whom a book, manuscript, etc. is donated. stable Memorial Host hst Use for a person who is invited or regularly leads a program (often broadcast) that includes other guests, performers, etc. (e.g., talk show host). stable Illuminator ilu Use for a person or organization responsible for the decoration of a work (especially manuscript material) with precious metals or color, usually with elaborate designs and motifs. stable Illustrator ill Use for a person or organization who conceives, and perhaps also implements, a design or illustration, usually to accompany a written text. stable Inscriber ins Use for a person who signs a presentation statement. stable Instrumentalist itr Use for a person or organization who principally plays an instrument in a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment. stable Interviewee ive Use for a person or organization who is interviewed at a consultation or meeting, usually by a reporter, pollster, or some other information gathering agent. stable Interviewer ivr Use for a person or organization who acts as a reporter, pollster, or other information gathering agent in a consultation or meeting involving one or more individuals. stable Inventor inv Use for a person or organization who first produces a particular useful item, or develops a new process for obtaining a known item or result. stable Laboratory lbr Use for an institution that provides scientific analyses of material samples. stable Laboratory director ldr Use for a person or organization that manages or supervises work done in a controlled setting or environment. stable Lab director Lead led Use to indicate that a person or organization takes primary responsibility for a particular activity or endeavor. Use with another relator term or code to show the greater importance this person or organization has regarding that particular role. If more than one relator is assigned to a heading, use the Lead relator only if it applies to all the relators. stable Landscape architect lsa Use for a person or organization whose work involves coordinating the arrangement of existing and proposed land features and structures. stable Lender len Use for a person or organization permitting the temporary use of a book, manuscript, etc., such as for photocopying or microfilming. stable Libelant lil Use for the party who files a libel in an ecclesiastical or admiralty case. stable Libelant-appellant lit Use for a libelant who takes an appeal from one ecclesiastical court or admiralty to another to reverse the judgment. stable Libelant-appellee lie Use for a libelant against whom an appeal is taken from one ecclesiastical court or admiralty to another to reverse the judgment. stable Libelee lel Use for a party against whom a libel has been filed in an ecclesiastical court or admiralty. stable Libelee-appellant let Use for a libelee who takes an appeal from one ecclesiastical court or admiralty to another to reverse the judgment. stable Libelee-appellee lee Use for a libelee against whom an appeal is taken from one ecclesiastical court or admiralty to another to reverse the judgment. stable Librettist lbt Use for a person or organization who is a writer of the text of an opera, oratorio, etc. stable Licensee lse Use for a person or organization who is an original recipient of the right to print or publish. stable Licensor lso Use for person or organization who is a signer of the license, imprimatur, etc. stable Imprimatur Lighting designer lgd Use for a person or organization who designs the lighting scheme for a theatrical presentation, entertainment, motion picture, etc. stable Lithographer ltg Use for a person or organization who prepares the stone or plate for lithographic printing, including a graphic artist creating a design directly on the surface from which printing will be done. stable Lyricist lyr Use for a person or organization who is the a writer of the text of a song. stable Manufacturer mfr Use for a person or organization that makes an artifactual work (an object made or modified by one or more persons). Examples of artifactual works include vases, cannons or pieces of furniture. stable Marbler mrb Use for the named entity responsible for marbling paper, cloth, leather, etc. used in construction of a resource. stable Markup editor mrk Use for a person or organization performing the coding of SGML, HTML, or XML markup of metadata, text, etc. stable Metadata contact mdc Use for a person or organization primarily responsible for compiling and maintaining the original description of a metadata set (e.g., geospatial metadata set). stable Metal-engraver mte Use for a person or organization responsible for decorations, illustrations, letters, etc. cut on a metal surface for printing or decoration. stable Moderator mod Use for a person who leads a program (often broadcast) where topics are discussed, usually with participation of experts in fields related to the discussion. stable Monitor mon Use for a person or organization that supervises compliance with the contract and is responsible for the report and controls its distribution. Sometimes referred to as the grantee, or controlling agency. stable Music copyist mcp Use for a person who transcribes or copies musical notation. stable Musical director msd Use for a person responsible for basic music decisions about a production, including coordinating the work of the composer, the sound editor, and sound mixers, selecting musicians, and organizing and/or conducting sound for rehearsals and performances. stable Musician mus Use for a person or organization who performs music or contributes to the musical content of a work when it is not possible or desirable to identify the function more precisely. stable Narrator nrt Use for a person who is a speaker relating the particulars of an act, occurrence, or course of events. stable Opponent opn Use for a person or organization responsible for opposing a thesis or dissertation. stable Organizer of meeting orm Use for a person or organization responsible for organizing a meeting for which an item is the report or proceedings. stable Originator org Use for a person or organization performing the work, i.e., the name of a person or organization associated with the intellectual content of the work. This category does not include the publisher or personal affiliation, or sponsor except where it is also the corporate author. Includes a person designated in the work as investigator or principal investigator. stable Principal investigator Other oth Use for relator codes from other lists which have no equivalent in the MARC list or for terms which have not been assigned a code. stable Owner own Use for a person or organization that currently owns an item or collection. stable Papermaker ppm Use for a person or organization responsible for the production of paper, usually from wood, cloth, or other fibrous material. stable Patent applicant pta Use for a person or organization that applied for a patent. stable Patent holder pth Use for a person or organization that was granted the patent referred to by the item. stable Patentee Patron pat Use for a person or organization responsible for commissioning a work. Usually a patron means or influence to support the work of artists, writers, etc. This includes those who commission and pay for individual works. stable Performer prf Use for a person or organization who exhibits musical or acting skills in a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment, if specific codes for those functions ([act], [dnc], [itr], [voc], etc.) are not used. If specific codes are used, [prf] is used for a person whose principal skill is not known or specified. stable Permitting agency pma Use for an authority (usually a government agency) that issues permits under which work is accomplished. stable Photographer pht Use for a person or organization responsible for taking photographs, whether they are used in their original form or as reproductions. stable Plaintiff ptf Use for the party who complains or sues in court in a personal action, usually in a legal proceeding. stable Plaintiff-appellant ptt Use for a plaintiff who takes an appeal from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in a legal proceeding. stable Plaintiff-appellee pte Use for a plaintiff against whom an appeal is taken from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in a legal proceeding. stable Platemaker plt Use for a person or organization responsible for the production of plates, usually for the production of printed images and/or text. stable Printer prt Use for a person or organization who prints texts, whether from type or plates. stable Printer of plates pop Use for a person or organization who prints illustrations from plates. stable Plates, Printer of Printmaker prm Use for a person or organization who makes a relief, intaglio, or planographic printing surface. stable Process contact prc Use for a person or organization primarily responsible for performing or initiating a process, such as is done with the collection of metadata sets. stable Producer pro Use for a person or organization responsible for the making of a motion picture, including business aspects, management of the productions, and the commercial success of the work. stable Production manager pmm Use for a person responsible for all technical and business matters in a production. stable Production personnel prd Use for a person or organization associated with the production (props, lighting, special effects, etc.) of a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment. stable Programmer prg Use for a person or organization responsible for the creation and/or maintenance of computer program design documents, source code, and machine-executable digital files and supporting documentation. stable Project director pdr Use for a person or organization with primary responsibility for all essential aspects of a project, or that manages a very large project that demands senior level responsibility, or that has overall responsibility for managing projects, or provides overall direction to a project manager. stable Proofreader pfr Use for a person who corrects printed matter. For manuscripts, use Corrector [crr]. stable Publication place pup Use for the name of the place where a resource is published. stable Publisher pbl Use for a person or organization that makes printed matter, often text, but also printed music, artwork, etc. available to the public. stable Publishing director pbd Use for a person or organization who presides over the elaboration of a collective work to ensure its coherence or continuity. This includes editors-in-chief, literary editors, editors of series, etc. stable Puppeteer ppt Use for a person or organization who manipulates, controls, or directs puppets or marionettes in a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment. stable Recipient rcp Use for a person or organization to whom correspondence is addressed. stable Recording engineer rce Use for a person or organization who supervises the technical aspects of a sound or video recording session. stable Redactor red Use for a person or organization who writes or develops the framework for an item without being intellectually responsible for its content. stable Renderer ren Use for a person or organization who prepares drawings of architectural designs (i.e., renderings) in accurate, representational perspective to show what the project will look like when completed. stable Reporter rpt Use for a person or organization who writes or presents reports of news or current events on air or in print. stable Repository rps Use for an agency that hosts data or material culture objects and provides services to promote long term, consistent and shared use of those data or objects. stable Research team head rth Use for a person who directed or managed a research project. stable Research team member rtm Use for a person who participated in a research project but whose role did not involve direction or management of it. stable Researcher res Use for a person or organization responsible for performing research. stable Performer of research Respondent rsp Use for the party who makes an answer to the courts pursuant to an application for redress, usually in an equity proceeding. stable Respondent-appellant rst Use for a respondent who takes an appeal from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in an equity proceeding. stable Respondent-appellee rse Use for a respondent against whom an appeal is taken from one court or jurisdiction to another to reverse the judgment, usually in an equity proceeding. stable Responsible party rpy Use for a person or organization legally responsible for the content of the published material. stable Restager rsg Use for a person or organization , other than the original choreographer or director, responsible for restaging a choreographic or dramatic work and who contributes minimal new content. stable Reviewer rev Use for a person or organization responsible for the review of a book, motion picture, performance, etc. stable Rubricator rbr Use for a person or organization responsible for parts of a work, often headings or opening parts of a manuscript, that appear in a distinctive color, usually red stable Scenarist sce Use for a person or organization who is the author of a motion picture screenplay. stable Scientific advisor sad Use for a person or organization who brings scientific, pedagogical, or historical competence to the conception and realization on a work, particularly in the case of audio-visual items. stable Scribe scr Use for a person who is an amanuensis and for a writer of manuscripts proper. For a person who makes pen-facsimiles, use Facsimilist [fac]. stable Sculptor scl Use for a person or organization who models or carves figures that are three-dimensional representations. stable Second party spy Use for a person or organization who is identified as the party of the second part. In the case of transfer of right, this is the assignee, transferee, licensee, grantee, etc. Multiple parties can be named jointly as the second party stable Secretary sec Use for a person or organization who is a recorder, redactor, or other person responsible for expressing the views of a organization.> stable Set designer std Use for a person or organization who translates the rough sketches of the art director into actual architectural structures for a theatrical presentation, entertainment, motion picture, etc. Set designers draw the detailed guides and specifications for building the set. stable Signer sgn Use for a person whose signature appears without a presentation or other statement indicative of provenance. When there is a presentation statement, use Inscriber [ins]. stable Singer sng Use for a person or organization who uses his/her/their voice with or without instrumental accompaniment to produce music. A performance may or may not include actual words. stable Sound designer sds Use for a person who produces and reproduces the sound score (both live and recorded), the installation of microphones, the setting of sound levels, and the coordination of sources of sound for a production. stable Speaker spk Use for a person who participates in a program (often broadcast) and makes a formalized contribution or presentation generally prepared in advance. stable Sponsor spn Use for a person or organization that issued a contract or under the auspices of which a work has been written, printed, published, etc. stable Stage manager stm Use for a person who is in charge of everything that occurs on a performance stage, and who acts as chief of all crews and assistant to a director during rehearsals. stable Standards body stn Use for an organization responsible for the development or enforcement of a standard. stable Stereotyper str Use for a person or organization who creates a new plate for printing by molding or copying another printing surface. stable Storyteller stl Use for a person relaying a story with creative and/or theatrical interpretation. stable Supporting host sht Use for a person or organization that supports (by allocating facilities, staff, or other resources) a project, program, meeting, event, data objects, material culture objects, or other entities capable of support. stable Host, Supporting Surveyor srv Use for a person or organization who does measurements of tracts of land, etc. to determine location, forms, and boundaries. stable Teacher tch Use for a person who, in the context of a resource, gives instruction in an intellectual subject or demonstrates while teaching physical skills. stable Instructor Technical director tcd Use for a person who is ultimately in charge of scenery, props, lights and sound for a production. stable Thesis advisor ths Use for a person under whose supervision a degree candidate develops and presents a thesis, mémoire, or text of a dissertation. stable Promoter Transcriber trc Use for a person who prepares a handwritten or typewritten copy from original material, including from dictated or orally recorded material. For makers of pen-facsimiles, use Facsimilist [fac]. stable Translator trl Use for a person or organization who renders a text from one language into another, or from an older form of a language into the modern form. stable Type designer tyd Use for a person or organization who designed the type face used in a particular item. stable Designer of type Typographer tyg Use for a person or organization primarily responsible for choice and arrangement of type used in an item. If the typographer is also responsible for other aspects of the graphic design of a book (e.g., Book designer [bkd]), codes for both functions may be needed. stable University place uvp Use for the name of a place where a university that is associated with a resource is located, for example, a university where an academic dissertation or thesis was presented. stable Videographer vdg Use for a person or organization in charge of a video production, e.g. the video recording of a stage production as opposed to a commercial motion picture. The videographer may be the camera operator or may supervise one or more camera operators. Do not confuse with cinematographer. stable Vocalist voc Use for a person or organization who principally exhibits singing skills in a musical or dramatic presentation or entertainment. stable Witness wit Use for a person who verifies the truthfulness of an event or action. stable Deponent Eyewitness Observer Onlooker Testifier Wood-engraver wde Use for a person or organization who makes prints by cutting the image in relief on the end-grain of a wood block. stable Woodcutter wdc Use for a person or organization who makes prints by cutting the image in relief on the plank side of a wood block. stable Writer of accompanying material wam Use for a person or organization who writes significant material which accompanies a sound recording or other audiovisual material. stable Actor Adapter Analyst Animator Annotator Applicant Architect Arranger Art copyist Artist Artistic director Assignee Associated name Attributed name Auctioneer Author Author in quotations or text extracts Author of afterword, colophon, etc. Author of dialog Author of introduction, etc. Author of screenplay, etc. Bibliographic antecedent Binder Binding designer Blurb writer Book designer Book producer Bookjacket designer Bookplate designer Bookseller Calligrapher Cartographer Censor Choreographer Cinematographer Client Collaborator Collector Collotyper Colorist Commentator Commentator for written text Compiler Complainant Complainant-appellant Complainant-appellee Composer Compositor Conceptor Conductor Conservator Consultant Consultant to a project Contestant Contestant-appellant Contestant-appellee Contestee Contestee-appellant Contestee-appellee Contractor Contributor Copyright claimant Copyright holder Corrector Correspondent Costume designer Cover designer Creator Curator of an exhibition Dancer Data contributor Data manager Dedicatee Dedicator Defendant Defendant-appellant Defendant-appellee Degree grantor Delineator Depicted Depositor Designer Director Dissertant Distribution place Distributor Donor Draftsman Dubious author Editor Electrician Electrotyper Engineer Engraver Etcher Event place Expert Facsimilist Field director Film editor First party Forger Former owner Funder Geographic information specialist Honoree Host Illuminator Illustrator Inscriber Instrumentalist Interviewee Interviewer Inventor Laboratory Laboratory director Lead Landscape architect Lender Libelant Libelant-appellant Libelant-appellee Libelee Libelee-appellant Libelee-appellee Librettist Licensee Licensor Lighting designer Lithographer Lyricist Manufacturer Marbler Markup editor Metadata contact Metal-engraver Moderator Monitor Music copyist Musical director Musician Narrator Opponent Organizer of meeting Originator Other Owner Papermaker Patent applicant Patent holder Patron Performer Permitting agency Photographer Plaintiff Plaintiff-appellant Plaintiff-appellee Platemaker Printer Printer of plates Printmaker Process contact Producer Production manager Production personnel Programmer Project director Proofreader Publication place Publisher Publishing director Puppeteer Recipient Recording engineer Redactor Renderer Reporter Repository Research team head Research team member Researcher Respondent Respondent-appellant Respondent-appellee Responsible party Restager Reviewer Rubricator Scenarist Scientific advisor Scribe Sculptor Second party Secretary Set designer Signer Singer Sound designer Speaker Sponsor Stage manager Standards body Stereotyper Storyteller Supporting host Surveyor Teacher Technical director Thesis advisor Transcriber Translator Type designer Typographer University place Videographer Vocalist Witness Wood-engraver Woodcutter Writer of accompanying material